|
on Macroeconomics |
| By: | Nuño, Galo; Renner, Philipp; Scheidegger, Simon |
| Abstract: | This paper studies monetary policy in a New Keynesian model with persistent supply shocks, that is, sustained increases in production costs due to factors such as wars or geopolitical fragmentation. First, we demonstrate that Taylor rules fail to stabilize long-term inflation due to endogenous shifts in the natural interest rate. Second, we analyze optimal policy responses under discretion and commitment. Under discretion, a systematic inflationary bias emerges when the shock impacts the economy. Under commitment, the optimal policy adopts a lean-against-the-wind approach without compensating for past inflation, implying that "bygones are bygones". We further extend the model to incorporate the zero lower bound (ZLB) and show that the optimal policy supports preemptive easing. |
| JEL: | E32 E58 E63 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:19678 |
| By: | Anastasiia Antonova; Mykhailo Matvieiev; Céline Poilly |
| Abstract: | Recessions are often accompanied by heightened uncertainty. We build an imperfect-information New Keynesian model in which procyclical information quality generates endogenous countercyclical uncertainty, and the nonlinear structure allows for a precautionary saving motive. We show theoretically that endogenous uncertainty operates entirely through aggregate demand. For negative supply shocks, the induced rise in uncertainty can depress demand enough to dominate the shock's inflationary force, turning the shock deflationary. Monetary policy can fully eliminate the adverse effect of endogenous uncertainty by stabilizing the output gap. We quantify the endogenous uncertainty channel in the US data and find it to be strong enough to generate deflation in response to negative supply shocks. |
| Keywords: | Models and tools, Economic models, Monetary policy, Inflation dynamics and pressures, Monetary policy framework and transmission |
| JEL: | D81 D83 E21 E32 E52 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bca:bocawp:26-12 |
| By: | Danilo Leiva-León; Rodrigo Sekkel; Luis Uzeda |
| Abstract: | We develop a Trend-Cycle Bayesian VAR that jointly estimates the real neutral rate of interest, r_t^*, and identifies monetary policy shocks. A key innovation is that cyclical shocks, notably monetary policy shocks, can affect the trend of macroeconomic variables, providing a way to assess whether transitory disturbances have persistent effects. Using external instruments, we find that contractionary shocks reduce r_t^* and lower trend GDP growth. Although they generate sizable movements, their contribution to the secular decline in r_t^* is modest and slightly positive since the early 1990s. Cross-country evidence shows similar patterns. |
| Keywords: | Models and tools, Econometric, statistical and computational methods, Monetary policy, Monetary policy framework and transmission, Monetary policy tools and implementation |
| JEL: | C32 C51 E32 E44 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bca:bocawp:26-6 |
| By: | Ricci, Luca Antonio; Ahokpossi, Calixte; Belianska, Anna; khandelwal, khushboo; Lee, Sunwoo; Li, Bin Grace; Mu, Yibin; Quayyum, Saad; Nunez, Silvia Guadalupe; Ree, Jack Joo; Souto, Marcos Rietti; Simione, Felix |
| Abstract: | This paper reports key findings from the Sub-Saharan Africa Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) and Digital Payments Survey, shedding light on the motivations, benefits, and challenges of CBDC adoption, as well as the developments of digital private money and crypto assets in sub-Saharan Africa. It emphasizes the pivotal role of collaboration and shared knowledge in navigating the intricate landscape of digital currencies and assets in sub-Saharan Africa. As this evolving digital frontier is explored, the experiences and aspirations of the region’s central banks, as expressed in the survey, will help harness the potential for digital currencies, assets, and payments, and foster cooperation among countries in sub-Saharan Africa. A forthcoming IMF Departmental Paper will focus on key issues for countries in sub-Saharan Africa pertaining to CBDCs, private digital payments, and crypto assets. It will provide a deeper discussion of the benefits, costs, and risks of these digital payment systems and present policy options to enhance financial digital development and inclusion, while safeguarding macroeconomic and financial stability. |
| JEL: | E41 E42 E44 E58 G20 G21 G23 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:19889 |
| By: | Mr. Ken Miyajima |
| Abstract: | Investors reward reform progress. Econometric results suggest that holistic reforms, fiscal spending discipline, and monetary policy credibility are associated with a tightening of Qatar’s external sovereign credit spreads. In particular, investors may view fiscal spending discipline as an integral part of Qatar’s holistic reform and economic diversification. Greater broad-based reform progress also boosts the resilience of sovereign credit spreads to external shocks. The findings support fiscal and monetary policy reforms as part of the broader reform agenda in a holistic manner, as planned under the Third National Development Strategy. |
| Keywords: | Consensus Forecasts; Economic Diversification; Fiscal Discipline; Monetary Policy Credibility; Qatar National Development Strategy; Reform Progress; Sovereign Credit Quality; MENA Region |
| Date: | 2026–07–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2026/141 |
| By: | Joheera |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how the Iran-Israel conflict, and the Middle East tension in general, have affected the Pakistani economy in terms of trade, energy, and remittance. Being an energy-import dependent and export-oriented economy with a large diaspora in Gulf countries, Pakistan is prone to global oil price shocks, oil disruptions along important energy routes such as the Strait of Hormuz and possible drops in remittance inflows. Pakistan saw a potential resolution of an impact on retail fuel prices of about 20 percent in 2023-2026, with an increment of petrol and diesel of 55 per Pak rupee, which has increased inflation and aggravated the trade deficit. This paper illustrates the spread of global political events in domestic economic forces using international trade theory, macroeconomic shock theory and remittance development theory. In order to reduce the risk in the short run and increase resilience in the long-term, it is recommended to diversify the trade, establish energy security measures, formal remittance protection, and implement sound fiscal and monetary policies. The paper highlights the economic fragility of Pakistan to external shocks and outlines feasible measures to help it maintain a growth and stability in the current geopolitical instability. |
| Keywords: | Pakistan economy, Iran conflict, oil price shock, trade disruption, remittances, macroeconomic stability, energy security. |
| JEL: | F0 F00 F01 F02 F2 F21 F24 F29 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128365 |
| By: | Sharafuddin, Mohammed Ali (Villa College) |
| Abstract: | Survey-based social science research increasingly depends on digital questionnaires, browserbased data collection, automated statistical workflows, and reproducible reports. Yet the integrity of the research objects that connect these stages remains weak in many projects. Questionnaire files, response datasets, analysis scripts, and reports are often stored as separate artefacts, and when any one of them is changed after fieldwork or after submission, reviewers and institutions may lack a simple way to verify whether the file is identical to the version used earlier. This paper proposes Social Science Research 6.0 as a proof-of-integrity framework for tamper-evident survey workflows. The framework uses SHA-256 hashing to assign verifiable digests to survey instruments, response datasets, analysis plans, scripts, and report outputs, and records them in a structured manifest that can be verified at any later point. The approach is demonstrated using surveyframe, an open-source R package that represents a questionnaire as a typed survey object, saves it as a hashed .sframe file, validates item and scale structure, reads response data, checks quality, scores scales, prepares analysis plans, and generates reproducible reports. A synthetic proof-of-concept confirms that the framework detects instrument modification, response tampering, and analysis-plan drift in all tested scenarios. The contribution is a low-cost, software-only method for improving trust, transparency, and auditability in digital social science research without requiring blockchain infrastructure or proprietary survey platforms. |
| Date: | 2026–07–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:jmbv8_v1 |
| By: | Adamson, S.; Pollitt, M. G. |
| Abstract: | A major claim for the benefits of locational marginal pricing (LMP) in electricity markets has related to increased efficiency in locational investment decisions. However, there has to date been little empirical evidence for this claim. Using a very large dataset of more than 1000 new plant investments in PJM over more than 20 years, we test whether LMPs have shaped investment decisions using quartiles and logistical regression techniques. We show that LMPs and locational capacity prices have been statistic ally significant in relation to where investments in solar and gas-fired generation across PJM, but not for wind generation. We also show that on an intrazonal basis LMP differences appear significant with respect to locational investment decisions for new solar generation within the Dominion zone of PJM. Finally, we note that while LMPs over longer periods of time are difficult to predict as they reflect natural gas prices and other economic variables, LMP basis differentials to a small number of traded hubs are much more predictable, consistent with new generators being able to hedge most price risks at a small number of traded hub prices. |
| Keywords: | Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP), Investment, PJM, Trading Hubs, Logistical Regression |
| JEL: | L94 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2026–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2663 |
| By: | Allmis, P. |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a model of how organizations develop complex products. Decentralizing the process into autonomous units increases the potential value of production but raises the risk of miscoordination. The organization coordinates the process through costly and imperfectly reliable coordination channels. It optimally creates redundancy in these channels, thereby determining the robustness of the process to miscoordination. The incentive to invest in robustness strengthens as long as returns to decentralization are increasing. Hence, organizations either centralize processes or decentralize them substantially to exploit increasing returns to decentralization. Small reductions in coordination costs can trigger substantial decentralization and, paradoxically, undermine process reliability. Larger reductions in coordination costs also enhance reliability. |
| Keywords: | Organization Design, Robustness, Networks, Redundancy |
| JEL: | D23 D85 L23 |
| Date: | 2026–07–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2656 |
| By: | Park, Seonyoung (Colgate University); Simpson, Nicole (Colgate University) |
| Abstract: | Married women’s labor supply in the United States has increased only slowly since the late 1990s, while married men’s labor supply has continued to decline. This slowdown in married women’s labor supply in recent decades masks substantial heterogeneity across households. From the late 1990s to the early 2020s, married mothers (with at least one child under age 15) experienced large increases in work hours, whereas women without children (non-mothers) saw only small increases. Over the same period, married fathers reduced work hours more than their counterparts without children while increasing time devoted to childcare. To explain these changes, we develop a two-earner life-cycle model in which labor supply and fertility are endogenous and spouses’ childcare time is substitutable. Counterfactuals show that the narrowing gender wage gap is the primary driver of recent shifts: it raises mothers’ work hours and lowers fathers’ work hours, in part by reallocating childcare toward fathers and thereby expanding mothers’ capacity to work and accelerating their human capital accumulation. |
| Keywords: | married women, labor supply, gender wage gap, childcare, heterogeneity, recent trend reversal |
| JEL: | E24 J16 J22 |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18828 |
| By: | Haus, Martin |
| Abstract: | This paper tests if bureaucratic leadership impacts the quality of service provision of a difficult-to-monitor task: learning in public schools. Using the empirical case of rural India, it exploits an administrative setup with two types of bureaucrats for the same spatial unit, the district, that either have more authority or more ability to engage in time-intensive persuasion. Utilizing blocked randomization inference and bias-corrected variance decomposition on bureaucratic postings linked to independent learning data from household surveys across 10 years, it shows that only those bureaucrats with less authority but more ability to engage in persuasion impact learning. Drawing on novel interview data, it illustrates how bureaucratic leaders can increase effort levels of subordinates through persuasion to overcome collective action problems rather than relying on orders and monitoring as principal-agent frameworks would suggest. The findings illustrate that for difficult-to-monitor tasks managerial intensity and persistence trump formal authority. |
| JEL: | J50 |
| Date: | 2026–07–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138865 |
| By: | Hernando Bayona Rodríguez; Jenifer Andrea Álvarez Hernández; Adriana Barros Rincón |
| Abstract: | Mientras está bien documentada la importancia del liderazgo de los rectores, poco se sabe sobre cómo desarrollar sus competencias, especialmente entre aquellos que están en ejercicio. La presente investigación estudia cómo el programa más importante de desarrollo profesional de rectores en Colombia, Rectores Líderes Transformadores (RLT), promueve las competencias necesarias para el ejercicio del liderazgo. Haciendo seguimiento a dos cohortes del programa durante dos años, se encuentran cinco acciones concretas e intencionadas que RLT implementa para impulsar las competencias de los rectores: (i) hacer énfasis en las competencias personales; ii) crear ambientes adecuados para la relación entre pares; iii) propiciar múltiples espacios de reflexión; iv) realizar acompañamiento directo; v) entregar herramientas prácticas y efectivas. A pesar de que RLT impulsa importantes habilidades, los resultados sugieren que el programa no desarrolla algunas competencias cruciales para el ejercicio del liderazgo educativo tales como gestión del cambio, innovación, negociación, toma de decisiones, manejo de conflictos, pensamiento estratégico, pensamiento sistémico y tolerancia a la presión. Finalmente, se concluye que las metodologías experienciales y el enfoque en el desarrollo del ser, son las que potencian el desarrollo de las demás competencias. |
| Keywords: | Liderazgo educativo; preparación en liderazgo; preparación de rectores; Liderazgo transformador; Rectores Líderes Transformadores; RLT |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000176:023149 |
| By: | Teney, Céline |
| Abstract: | Über Wähler:innen der AfD dominieren häufig vereinfachende Stereotype: Sie gelten entweder als sozial abgehängte Protestwähler:innen oder als geschlossen radikal rechtes Milieu. Beides greift zu kurz. Das vorliegende Policy Paper zeigt, dass die AfD-Wählerschaft zwar durch migrations- und kulturpolitische Restriktivität verbunden ist, zugleich aber unterschiedliche politische Profile umfasst. Diese unterscheiden sich darin, wie stark Zuwanderungsablehnung mit Autoritarismus, antisemitischen Ressentiments und pessimistischen Einschätzungen der deutschen Wirtschaftslage verknüpft ist. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, im Umgang mit der AfD-Wählerschaft stärker zu differenzieren. |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cexpps:342594 |
| By: | Özdemir, Furkan; Alizadeh, Armin; Benlian, Alexander |
| Abstract: | As organizations increasingly weave algorithmic systems into control processes, managerial authority is shifting from human supervisors alone toward varying hybrid arrangements in which humans and algorithms jointly control workers. So far, we lack a sound conceptual basis for categorizing and comparing these arrangements across organizations. In this paper, we examine algorithmic cosupervision (ACoS) as a hybrid control mode in which supervisors and AC systems jointly direct, evaluate, and discipline workers. Building on prior literature and an analysis of 14 real-world ACoS settings, we propose a taxonomy that conceptualizes the phenomenon. We identify two meta-dimensions, control collaboration and control enactment, and six dimensions that enable researchers to categorize and compare ACoS across organizations. We demonstrate the taxonomy’s applicability through three ACoS examples. The proposed taxonomy advances understanding and provides a structured framework for studying emerging human–algorithmic supervisory arrangements in organizations. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:161269 |
| By: | Erceg, Christopher J.; Lindé, Jesper; Trabandt, Mathias |
| Abstract: | A salient feature of the post-COVID inflation surge is that economic activity has remained resilient despite unfavorable supply-side developments. We develop a macroeconomic model with nonlinear price and wage Phillips curves, endogenous intrinsic indexation, and an unobserved components representation of a cost-push shock that is consistent with these observations. In our model, a persistent large adverse supply shock can lead to a persistent inflation surge while output expands if the central bank follows an inflation forecast-based policy rule and thus abstains from hiking policy rates for some time as it (erroneously) expects inflationary pressures to dissipate quickly. A standard linearized formulation of our model cannot account for these observations under identical assumptions. Our nonlinear framework implies that the standard prescription of “looking through†supply shocks is a good policy for small shocks when inflation is near the central bank’s target, but that such a policy may be quite risky when economic activity is strong and large shocks drive inflation well above target. Moreover, our model implies that the economic costs of “going the last mile†—i.e., a tight stance aimed at returning inflation quickly to target—can be substantial. |
| Keywords: | Inflation dynamics |
| JEL: | E1 E3 E5 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:19809 |
| By: | Leandro De Magalhães; Anna Brian |
| Abstract: | Using newly digitized election results and a name-matching algorithm that tracks individual candidates across elections, we provide the first systematic estimates of the effect of winning a legislative seat on re-running in the next election across 17 African countries and 86 elections (1963–2024). Getting back on the ballot is the first gate to re-election. Incumbent re-running rates average 47%, turnover averages around 70%, and barely winning raises the probability of re-running by a median of 21 percentage points and of winning the next election by only 9—far below the US and the UK, where re-running is near-universal, turnover is far lower, and incumbency effects on re-running and winning are far larger. We look at country specific academic literature, news sources, cross-country comparisons of indexes of parliamentary power, and text analysis of Hansard parliamentary activity to study the mechanism through which re-running is determined. The results are mostly consistent with re-running suppression by the executive. Monitoring incumbent re-nomination rates may help evaluate elections before a single ballot is cast. |
| Date: | 2026–01–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bri:uobdis:26/842 |
| By: | Bamieh, Omar (Universidad Andres Bello); Cintolesi, Andrea (Bank of Italy); Pagliero, Mario (Collegio Carlo Alberto) |
| Abstract: | We estimate the earnings returns to occupational licensing by exploiting regression discontinuities at the Italian bar exam. Law graduates who became lawyers after barely passing the exam earned 20, 000 euros (50%) more per year than they would have in alternative occupations. This premium is not driven by monopoly rents from entry barriers. Instead, it reflects a compensating differential for the greater earnings risk inherent in the legal profession relative to the outside options available to law graduates. |
| Keywords: | labor market regulation, occupational licensing, field of study, lawyers |
| JEL: | J08 J44 L84 L50 |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18816 |
| By: | Moulaye Ahmed Lella (UNA - Université de Nouakchott Al-Aasriya, URMCD - Center for Research in Macroeconomics, Growth and Development) |
| Abstract: | Since its independence in 1960, Mauritania has implemented several development strategies, the most recent being the Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Shared Prosperity (SCAPP 2016-2030). The SCAPP is structured around three strategic pillars, the second of which emphasizes the development of human capital and access to basic services. This underscores the relevance of examining the relationship between educational capital and economic growth in Mauritania over the period 1995-2024, in order to contribute to formulating recommendations and rethinking the existing strategic framework. This article investigates this relationship in both the short and long term through an ARDL (Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag) approach. Public expenditure on education is used as the explanatory variable of interest for educational capital, while the GDP growth rate is retained as the dependent variable measuring economic growth. The findings reveal a positive and statistically significant short-term relationship between educational capital and economic growth, with an estimated lag of two years. In the long term, however, the estimation indicates a negative and statistically significant relationship between educational capital and economic growth, attributable to the inefficiency of public education expenditure, which consists mainly of operating expenses. |
| Abstract: | La Mauritanie depuis son indépendance en 1960 a mis en place plusieurs stratégies de développement, la stratégie de croissance accélérée et de prospérité partagée (SCAPP 2016-2030) constitue la toute dernière. La SCAPP est déclinée en trois leviers stratégiques, le second levier met l'accent sur le développement du capital humain et accès aux services de base. D'où l'intérêt à étudier la relation entre le capital éducatif sur la croissance économique en Mauritanie sur la période 1995-2024 afin de contribuer à formuler des recommandations et à repenser le cadre stratégique mis en place. Cet article étudie ladite relation à court terme et à long terme à travers une approche ARDL (Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag). Les dépenses publiques en éducation sont utilisées comme variable explicative d'intérêt relative au capital éducatif alors que le taux de la croissance du PIB est retenu comme variable à expliquer mesurant la croissance économique. Les résultats montrent une relation positive et statistiquement significative à court terme entre le capital éducatif et la croissance économique avec un délai de décalage estimé de deux ans. A long terme, l'estimation montre une relation négative et statistiquement significative du capital éducatif sur la croissance économique expliquée par l'inefficacité des dépenses publiques en éducation formées majoritairement des dépenses de fonctionnement. |
| Keywords: | Human capital, Educational capital, Economic growth, stationarity, ARDL approach, Capital Educatif, Croissance Économique, Stationnarité, Approche ARDL, Capital Humain |
| Date: | 2026–03–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05655863 |
| By: | Cavapozzi, Danilo; Francesconi, Marco; Nicoletti, Cheti |
| Abstract: | Using UK longitudinal data on dual-earner couples, this paper estimates a model of intrahousehold housework decisions, which combines a randomized experimental framework eliciting counterfactual choices with gender norms differences across ethnicities and cohorts to identify the impacts of individual preferences and gender identity norms. Equal sharing of tasks yields greater utility for both men and women, with women disliking domestic chores as much as men. Although couples would want to use housework arrangements to compensate for differentials in labor market involvement, women end up performing a substantially larger share of housework. This is not due to specialization, rather social norms play a key role. Exposure to more egalitarian gender attitudes significantly increases the probability of choosing an equal share of housework. Were attitudes evened up to the most progressive levels observed in the sample, women doing more housework than their partners would stop to be the norm already among present-day households, except for households with children. |
| Keywords: | Labor supply; Gender gaps |
| JEL: | C25 C26 D13 J16 J22 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:19726 |
| By: | Fatima Ezzahra Khouiammi (UCA - Université Cadi Ayyad = Cadi Ayyad University [Marrakech]); Zayer Chaimaa (UIC - Université Internationale de Casablanca) |
| Abstract: | Abstract In the digital era, organizations are increasingly relying on employee-generated communication to shape their employer brand image. This study proposes an integrative conceptual framework that examines the relationships between personal branding, employee advocacy, and employer brand attractiveness, while accounting for the moderating role of social media use. Drawing on Social Identity Theory, identity expressiveness theory and Social Exchange Theory, it argues that employees who actively develop their personal brand enhance their visibility, credibility, and professional image, which motivates them to engage in promotional behaviors that benefit their organization. These promotional behaviors, in turn, influence the organization's external image and strengthen the appeal of the employer brand, defined as the perceived benefits of working for a given organization. Furthermore, this theoretical framework suggests that the use of social media strengthens these ties by providing a platform through which employees can express both their personal identity and organizational identity, and reach a wider audience. Methodologically, this study adopts a theory-based integrative literature review relying on a structured analysis of prior research in the fields of organizational behavior, communication, and employer branding. By integrating previously fragmented lines of research, this study contributes to the literature by highlighting the role of employee advocacy as a key mediating mechanism and the use of social media as a contextual moderator in the relationship between personal branding and employer brand attractiveness. The study concludes that personal branding positively influences employee advocacy, which in turn strengthens employer brand attractiveness, while social media use amplifies these relationships in digital environments.From a managerial perspective, it emphasizes the importance of empowering employees to act as agents of strategic communication in order to enhance the organization's appeal in competitive labor markets. Keywords : Personal branding, Employee advocacy, Employer brand attractiveness, Social media use. |
| Keywords: | Social media use, Employer brand attractiveness, Employee advocacy, Personal branding |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05623296 |
| By: | Costa-Font, Joan; Gatti, Nicolò; Turati, Gilberto; Wiesen, Daniel |
| Abstract: | We study the extent to which exposure to COVID-19 relates to healthcare professionals’ prosociality. Drawing on empirical evidence from an incentivized experiment and a companion survey of healthcare professionals (HCPs) at a large Italian hospital (N = 194), we find that different forms of exposure to COVID-19 predict their altruistic motivation in heterogeneous ways. HCPs who worked in COVID 19 wards or had a close relative or friend severely affected by the virus are more than 5 percentage points more likely to prioritize patient welfare over personal gain, with the association for professional exposure being mostly driven by female HCPs, especially nurses. Conversely, personally contracting COVID-19 is associated with a 6 percentage point decline in prosociality. Our results highlight that different experiences of need shape prosocial behavior in hospital settings. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19;provider altruism;healthcare professionals;medical decision-making;prosocial behavior;experiment |
| JEL: | C91 D64 D81 I12 |
| Date: | 2026–07–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:140229 |
| By: | Hind Benkirane (UH2C - Université Hassan II de Casablanca = University of Hassan II Casablanca = جامعة الحسن الثاني (ar)); Naima Idouaarabe (Université Sultan Moulay Slimane de Béni Mellal) |
| Abstract: | Abstract The rapid growth of private higher education institutions (PHEIs) in Morocco is an emerging phenomenon that brings several challenges, notably high staff turnover. In this context, attracting and retaining faculty members represent a strategic priority for PHEIs to ensure a sustainable competitive advantage and strengthen their employer brand. This brand relies on both an external dimension, oriented toward students (Whisman 2009; Nguyen et al. 2019), and an internal dimension focused on employees, which is recognized as essential (Chapleo et al. 2019). A review of the existing literature reveals a near-total absence of research addressing the link between employer branding in higher education institutions and the attraction and retention of top talent, whether in Morocco or elsewhere. This article explores the internal approach through a qualitative study involving 18 professors from two private business and engineering schools, using thematic content analysis. Our findings reveal that developing an employer brand within PHEIs is vital. However, other attractive attributes also influence teachers' decision-making processes regarding their choice of institution, such as work-life balance, ethical behavior, managerial style, compensation, and career development. Keywords: Employer brand, private higher education institution, work-life balance, ethical behavior, managerial style, compensation, career development. |
| Abstract: | Résumé: La croissance rapide des établissements de l'enseignement supérieur privé (EESP) au Maroc constitue un phénomène émergent générant plusieurs défis, notamment un taux élevé de rotation du personnel. Dans ce contexte, l'attraction et la rétention des enseignants représentent un enjeu stratégique pour les EESP, afin d'assurer un avantage concurrentiel durable et de renforcer leur marque employeur. Celle-ci repose à la fois sur une dimension externe, orientée vers les étudiants (Whisman 2009 ; Nguyen al. 2019), et sur une dimension interne, centrée sur les employés, reconnue comme essentielle (Chapleo et al. 2019). À travers les différentes lectures de la littérature existante, nous avons constaté une quasi-absence des écrits abordant le lien entre la marque employeur dans les établissements de l'enseignement supérieur et l'attraction et la rétention des enseignants les plus talentueux que ça soit au Maroc ou ailleurs. Le présent article se penche alors sur l'approche interne par le biais d'une étude qualitative visant 18 professeurs de l'enseignement supérieur privé de deux écoles de commerce et d'ingénierie en utilisant la méthode de l'analyse thématique du contenu. Nos résultats révèlent que le développement de la marque employeur au sein de l'EESP est vital. Cependant, il existe d'autres attributs attrayants qui influencent le processus décisionnel des enseignants quant aux choix des EESP de prédilection comme l'équilibre entre vie privée et vie professionnelle, le comportement éthique, le style managérial, la rétribution ou encore l'évolution de carrière. Mots clés : Marque employeur, établissement de l'enseignement privé, équilibre entre vie privée et vie professionnelle, comportement éthique, style managérial, rétribution, évolution de carrière. |
| Keywords: | career development M12, Marque employeur établissement de l'enseignement privé équilibre entre vie privée et vie professionnelle comportement éthique style managérial rétribution évolution de carrière. JEL Classification : M12 M14 M31 Type du papier : Recherche empirique Employer brand private higher education institution work-life balance ethical behavior managerial style compensation career development M12 M14 M31, Marque employeur, établissement de l'enseignement privé, équilibre entre vie privée et vie professionnelle, comportement éthique, M31, style managérial, compensation, managerial style, ethical behavior, work-life balance, private higher education institution, M31 Type du papier : Recherche empirique Employer brand, M14, évolution de carrière. JEL Classification : M12, rétribution |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05639375 |
| By: | Keil, Maria |
| Abstract: | The logistics industry, as well as various trade and industrial sectors, are facing the challenge of dealing with an economically significant shortage of truck drivers. Currently, approximately 7% of truck driver positions in Germany and Europe are vacant (IRU 2024). At the same time, statistics show an increase in transport performance in ton-kilometers and a shift towards vehicles in higher weight classes (DLR 2023). The age structure is a key aspect that could contribute to this shortage of truck drivers, particularly in a long-term perspective. In Germany, the proportion of truck drivers aged 55 or older is 36%, while at the European level this is 33%. In contrast, the proportion of truck drivers aged 25 or younger in Germany and Europe is only 3% and 5%, respectively (IRU 2024). This difference points to future challenges in human resources management for logistics: A significant proportion of truck drivers will retire due to age, but a corresponding increase in the number of younger truck drivers cannot be expected. Furthermore, truck drivers are exposed to a high daily workload. Hege et al. 2019 as well as Hill and Boyle 2007 demonstrate that an analysis is necessary to promote the occupational health and safety of this specific group, strengthen their intrinsic motivation, and enhance their performance. Truck drivers are exposed to various hazards. An empirical study showed that insomnia, a stress-induced reduction in attention, and the resulting irritability are significant risk factors for traffic accidents (Shams et al. 2021). Therefore, a promising area of research is dedicated to the well-being of truck drivers and employees. According to relevant research, employee well-being has a significant impact on work efficiency in general (Corbett 2024) and road safety specifically. To gain deeper scientific insights into this area, an interdisciplinary approach is necessary. Interdisciplinary research challenges disciplinary boundaries and exclusive focuses and offers new perspectives for understanding complex phenomena that cannot be fully grasped by a single discipline alone. Expanding disciplinary perspectives to include complex empirical questions is necessary to investigate real-world situations, gain new insights, and develop problem-oriented solutions. Challenges such as cross-disciplinary motivation, the development of a common language, the formulation of shared theories, and the creation of practical applications must be overcome. If these hurdles are overcome, interdisciplinary research can significantly contribute to a better understanding of complex management phenomena. Not only does it support a holistic perspective on theoretical questions, it also enables the development of novel methodological approaches. Collaboration between different disciplines is crucial for expanding scientific knowledge and developing practice-relevant solutions to current management challenges (Reinecke et al. 2024). This dissertation highlights the need for research in this field and addresses complex issues related to it. Due to this complexity, interdisciplinary approaches were chosen. The study addresses the relevance of personnel heterogeneity and individual resources for job performance, as well as the previously under-researched relationships between truck driver characteristics and their performance and safety. A synchronized data collection approach for truck drivers, which considers individual characteristics and their impact on health, performance, and safety, is presented below. Practical applications in human resource management and distribution are outlined. Finally, the underlying theories and methodological approaches are explained. The human factor is the central research topic in each of the individual complexes of this dissertation. This provides the relevant framework and highlights the shift from the Industry 4.0 concept with a technological focus to the "Industry 5.0" paradigm with a complementary human-centric approach. The aim is to analyze the effects of human factors and utilize them in operational areas for the productive design of work processes, thereby jointly improving work quality in terms of health and productivity. In this sense, this dissertation offers insights into future human-centric logistics management concepts. |
| Date: | 2026–02–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:160671 |
| By: | Jacob Conway (University of Chicago); Levi Boxell (Independent) |
| Abstract: | We study the extent to which individuals’ consumption decisions are influenced by firms’ stances on controversial social issues and the implied incentives for firms to take such stances. We use transactions from a major payment card company to predict cardholders’ likely social alignment with firm stances and to quantify effects on consumption. The social stances taken by firms increase revenue on average, with significant heterogeneity across consumers and firm stances. Consumers most aligned with a firm’s social stance increase their consumption at the firm by 19 percent in the month following widely known social stance events, and consumers most opposed to the firm’s stance decrease their consumption by 12 percent. These diverging consumption responses attenuate over time but persist even a year later. Firms tend to take stances that align with their consumers’ and employees’ social preferences and that correlate with the firm’s ownership structure. Together, our results show that consumers meaningfully respond to their social alignment with firms, and that this consumer response can incentivize profit-maximizing firms to engage with social issues. |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfi:wpaper:2026-55 |
| By: | Benfica, Rui; Davis, Kristin E.; Azzarri, Carlo; Boukaka, Sedi Anne; Geoffrey, Baragu; Fadda, Carlo |
| Abstract: | Agrifood systems (AFS) in Colombia and Peru generate substantial economic value but also impose significant environmental and social externalities that remain unpriced and largely invisible in policy and market decisions. Using the Global Impact Database (GID) and a True Cost Accounting (TCA) framework, this paper quantifies the hidden costs embedded in 19 AFS sectors, with a focus on seven major crop sectors. As one of the first cross-country applications of GID data in Latin America, the analysis offers a harmonized and comprehensive assessment of the true costs of food production, processing, and distribution. Results show that externalities are equivalent to 12 percent of AFS output in Colombia and 13 percent in Peru—a substantial burden that is not captured by conventional economic indicators. Environmental externalities dominate in both countries, driven primarily by land occupation, climate change, air pollution, and use of scarce water. Social externalities—especially underpayment, child labor, and gender wage gaps—are smaller in aggregate but become markedly more significant within crop sectors, as labor intensity and informality characterize production systems. Livestock, dairy, and bovine meat products consistently emerge as the most externality‑intensive sectors, while cereals, rice, sugarcane, oilseeds, and fruits and vegetables exhibit comparatively lower externality costs. Value‑chain decomposition shows that most externalities originate at the production stage (at farm level). These findings highlight several clear leverage points for targeted policy and investment: reducing environmental pressures in livestock systems, improving labor conditions in crop sectors, and integrating TCA metrics into national planning and sustainability strategies. Making the hidden costs visible is essential for advancing more sustainable, equitable, inclusive, and resilient food systems in Colombia and Peru. |
| Keywords: | agrifood systems; environmental impact; socioeconomic impact; value chains; true cost accounting; Colombia; Peru; Latin America; South America |
| Date: | 2026–07–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:183786 |
| By: | Carro, Jesús M.; Von Lampe, Gregor |
| Abstract: | Applied work routinely estimates treatment effects by linear regression of theoutcome on a treatment indicator and controls, with no interactions between them. We show that, even when selection is entirely on observables and the linear model is correctly specified, minimal unmodeled treatment effect heterogeneity can produce large biases for the average treatment effect on the treated. We decompose the asymptotic bias, control by control, into the product of an unobservable heterogeneity component and an observable amplifier, estimable without outcome data, that grows without bound as the controls better explain treatment. Covariates irrelevant for the outcome are not innocuous: they can generate large biases while their spuriously significant estimates make them self-validating. We propose breakdown diagnostics: the minimal correlated heterogeneity that overturns an estimate. In difference-in-differences, group-specific trends, a standard robustness check, absorb the dynamics of the treatment effect, producing a bias that accumulates with the length of the panel. Applications to 401(k) eligibility and unilateral divorce laws illustrate. |
| Keywords: | Heterogeneous treatment effects; Linear regression; Selection into treatment; Sensitivity analysis; Difference-in-differences |
| JEL: | C21 C23 C51 |
| Date: | 2026–08–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:werepe:50593 |
| By: | Frigon, Anthony; Storper, Michael |
| Abstract: | Advanced economies have undergone enormous structural change in work, income distribution, and the skills of the working population over the past half century. These changes have driven changing geographies of people and households, which are sorted across regions according to their work and incomes. A key previous finding is that high-skill workers have been increasingly concentrating in large metropolitan areas, earning significant wage premiums, while returns to low-skill, lower-wage work shows less spatial variation and tends to be tied to local demand for nontradable services. However, this bipartite division loses considerable information. In this paper, we therefore use a tripartite division (high-, medium-, and low-skilled) to shed additional light on the changing spatial reality of population sorting. Our research generates robust evidence that medium-skill workers have been increasingly spatially separated away from high-skill workers. The middle-skilled and the high-skilled are much less exposed to one another than was the case in the past, a reality that is lost when using only two groups. In addition, we show how spatial sorting of the three groups has affected their relative economic welfare, by documenting shifting real incomes for the three groups in the places where they are dominant. This reflects systematic differences in how their housing costs and their wages evolve relative to each other, an effect of occupational wage differences, on one hand, and spatial sorting on the other. Even though sorting of the middle group in the direction of smaller noncoastal areas does reduce the gap in real incomes relative to the gap when such workers remain in high-skilled |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2026–08–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:140478 |
| By: | Teufel, Felix; Roddewig, Pia; Marcus, Maja E.; Theilmann, Michaela; Andall-Brereton, Glennis; Aryal, Krishna; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Bovet, Pascal; Dorobantu, Maria; Farzadfar, Farshad; Houehanou, Corine; Sibai, Abla; Stokes, Andrew C.; Labadarios, Demetre; Gurung, Mongal; Jorgensen, Jutta; Karki, Khem; Lunet, Nuno; Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar; Mwangi, Kibachio J.; Sturua, Lela; Bärnighausen, Till; Flood, David; Geldsetzer, Pascal; Damasceno, Albertino; Davies, Justine; Vollmer, Sebastian; Ali, Mohammed K.; Manne-Goehler, Jennifer; Bulstra, Caroline |
| Abstract: | Given rising diabetes prevalence globally, access to diabetes treatments is gaining urgency. Yet, it remains unknown which glucose-lowering medication types people with diabetes across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) use. In this cross-sectional analysis, we pooled nationally representative data of 223, 283 adults aged ≥25 years in 62 LMICs from 2009 to 2019. We found that 51.9% [95%-CI: 49.6%, 54.2%] of 21, 715 individuals with diabetes were undiag-nosed. Among individuals with diagnosed diabetes, 18.6% [95%-CI: 14.5%, 23.4%] reported using no glucose-lowering medication, 57.3% [95%-CI: 53.1%, 61.4%] only used oral medication, 19.5% [95%-CI: 17.6%, 21.5%] used oral med-ication and insulin, and 4.7% [95%-CI: 3.9%, 5.6%] used insulin alone. In low-income countries, fewer individuals with diabetes were diagnosed and treated than in middle-income countries. Yet, among individuals who did get diag-nosed, insulin use was two-thirds higher in low-income countries (38.9% [95%-CI: 31.6%, 46.7%]) compared to middle-income countries (23.2%; 95%-CI: 21.0%, 25.5%]). This finding could suggest a need for earlier diagnosis and treatment initiation. Our results can inform national and regional drug procurement efforts across LMICs. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:342309 |
| By: | Makoza, Frank |
| Abstract: | Artificial intelligence (AI) has been integrated into applications that are transforming the work of individuals, organisations and communities. Studies on artificial intelligence readiness of African countries using indices are growing. This study argues that understanding of artificial intelligence readiness beyond indices is crucial. Stakeholders’ views are important in establishing their needs and preparedness to adopt artificial intelligence. The aim of the study to understand artificial intelligence readiness of Malawi. Using Oxford Insights’ Government AI readiness Index, the study analysed readiness indices data, media reports and policy documents using content analysis. The findings showed that the country lacked national vision to guide governments commitment to develop and adoption artificial intelligence that affected AI sector maturity and human capacity. The country had technical infrastructure and governance principles that can leverage resilience for adoption of artificial intelligence. The study offers useful insights to policymakers on areas that require attention to develop a comprehensive national artificial intelligence policy e.g. AI ethics, data governance, intellectual property and energy and sustainability. The study contributes towards literature on artificial intelligence in the context of Malawi. |
| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence, Readiness, Stakeholders, Malawi |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:342194 |
| By: | Goulas, Sofoklis; Griselda, Silvia; Megalokonomou, Rigissa; Zenou, Yves |
| Abstract: | How do disruptive peers shape academic and career paths? We examine this question by leveraging the random assignment of students to classrooms in Greece and identifying the effects of peer disruptiveness on academic performance and career paths. Using suspension hours as a measure of disruptiveness, we find that students assigned to more disruptive classrooms have lower academic achievement, a higher risk of grade retention, and reduced likelihood of graduating from high school on time. They are also less likely to pursue competitive STEM fields or enroll in selective postsecondary programs. The adverse effects are more pronounced for students from low-income areas, in larger classrooms, or with fewer female peers. Using a lab-in-the-field experiment, we find that exposure to multiple disruptors, compared to just one, reduces students’ study motivation, college aspirations, and readiness for science studies and careers, especially for those seated closer to disruptive peers. |
| Keywords: | Lab-in-the-field experiment |
| JEL: | I24 I26 J16 J24 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:19793 |
| By: | Federico, Salvatore; Modena, Andrea; Regis, Luca |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how state-dependent dividend restrictions (taxes and bans) and capital requirements influence a bank's optimal capital buffers accumulation and risk-taking decisions. In the model, the bank distributes dividends and issues costly equity to maximise shareholder value, while its loans generate stochastic income under time-varying macroeconomic conditions. We solve the bank's stochastic control problem and derive the distribution of its capital buffers in closed form. We find that imposing dividend restrictions in bad macroeconomic states generates an intertemporal trade-off, as it encourages capital buffers accumulation in those states but promotes dividend payouts in the good ones. Furthermore, we show that the policy can undermine financial stability by reducing the bank's value and weakening its incentives to recapitalise in all states. Coordinating dividend taxes with counter-cyclical capital requirements can mitigate value losses and ease the trade-off, but it also exacerbates disincentives for recapitalisation. Finally, we show that when the bank can (optimally) reduce its risky loans in bad states, capital buffers generated through dividend restrictions mitigate the contraction by dampening its precautionary motive against costly recapitalisation. |
| Keywords: | Capital requirements, dividend bans, dividend taxes, policy coordination, stochastic optimal control |
| JEL: | C61 G21 G32 G35 G38 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:safewp:342550 |
| By: | Carioli, Paolo (KU Leuven, Dept. of Management, Strategy and Innovation); Czarnitzki, Dirk (KU Leuven, Dept. of Management, Strategy and Innovation; Center for R&D Monitoring (ECOOM) at KU Leuven, and Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), Mannheim); Fernández, Gastón P. (Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER)) |
| Abstract: | Artificial Intelligence (AI) is considered to be the next general-purpose technology, with the potential of performing tasks commonly requiring human capabilities. While it is commonly feared that AI replaces labor and disrupts jobs, we instead investigate the potential of AI for overcoming increasingly alarming skills shortages in firms. We exploit unique German survey data from the Mannheim Innovation Panel on both the adoption of AI and the extent to which firms experience scarcity of skills. We measure skills shortage by the number of job vacancies that could not be filled as planned by firms, distinguishing among different types of skills. To account for the potential endogeneity of skills shortage, we also implement instrumental variable estimators. Overall, we find a positive and significant effect of skills shortage on AI adoption, the breadth of AI methods, and the breadth of areas of application of AI. In addition, we find evidence that shortage on academic qualifications and STEM skills relates to firms adopting AI. |
| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence, skills shortage, CIS data |
| JEL: | J23 J24 O33 |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18793 |
| By: | Aditya Aladangady; Ricardo Duque Gabriel; Carlo Wix |
| Abstract: | We introduce a novel monthly county-level consumption dataset constructed from spending data on over 350 million credit cards in the Federal Reserve's Y-14M reports, covering over 3, 000 U.S. counties since 2014. We first show that the data closely approximate traditional consumption measures, explaining 92 percent of the variation in monthly adjusted personal consumption expenditures (PCE) growth at the national level and capturing meaningful cross-sectional variation in annual adjusted PCE growth at the state level. As a proof of concept, we use the county-month panel to estimate heterogeneous consumption responses to monetary policy shocks across the county-level income distribution, an analysis infeasible with traditional consumption data. We find that low-income counties exhibit larger spending declines than high-income counties, consistent with heterogeneous agent New Keynesian models. Finally, we provide practical guidance for researchers working with similar data, discussing coverage, sample composition, and the approximation of credit card spending from credit bureau data. |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2607.08759 |