|
on Macroeconomics |
| By: | Stiepelmann, Gero |
| JEL: | E24 E32 H21 J63 J64 J65 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc24:302419 |
| By: | Knapp, Fabian |
| JEL: | D62 E32 E44 F32 F41 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc24:302415 |
| By: | Groiss, Martin |
| JEL: | C43 E24 E32 E52 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc24:302346 |
| By: | Gersbach, Hans; Zelzner, Sebastian |
| JEL: | E42 E44 E51 G21 G28 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc24:302356 |
| By: | Domenico Ferraro (Arizona State University); Damián Pierri (ESCP Business School - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) |
| Abstract: | We develop an equilibrium business cycle model of multi-plant firms with perfectly competitive product and labor markets. Plant-level production features a minimumlabor requirement, leading to occasionally binding capacity constraints at the firm level. The aggregate production function is kinked, displaying constant returns toscale when the economy is below capacity and decreasing returns when at capacity. We calibrate the model to U.S. data and show that the effects of distorting taxes are highly nonlinear and state-dependent, varying systematically with the state of the business cycle. The aggregate hours elasticity is higher in recessions and decreases with the size of the labor tax cut. Moreover, it differs from the structural preference parameter determining the individual-level labor supply elasticity. |
| Keywords: | Minimum labor requirement; Hours constraints; Capacity utilization; State dependence; Labor taxes; Aggregate hours elasticity |
| JEL: | E22 E23 E24 E32 E62 H24 H25 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aoz:wpaper:341 |
| By: | Eiblmeier, Sebastian |
| JEL: | C23 E51 E52 G11 G21 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc24:302432 |
| By: | Niemann, Stefan; Prein, Timm |
| JEL: | E44 E62 F34 H63 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc24:302386 |
| By: | Paludkiewicz, Karol; Fricke, Daniel; Greppmair, Stefan |
| JEL: | E43 E44 E52 G21 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc24:302364 |
| By: | Alberto Botta; Eugenio Caverzasi; Alberto Russo |
| Abstract: | With central banks and national governments returning to more conservative monetary and fiscal policies after Covid, the debate about the macroeconomic effects of fiscal rules has revamped. We address this topic via an extended version of the hybrid ABM-SFC model in Botta et al. (2024) that includes a Taylor-type monetary policy rule and a variety of fiscal rules aimed at reducing the public debt-to-GDP ratio. We compare spending-based fiscal rules vastly advocated by international economic institutions with wealth tax-based fiscal policies. We do this in the context of a modern financialized economy where securitization and complex financial products like Asset-Backed Securities (ABS) alter economic dynamics and the effectiveness of monetary policy in controlling inflation. We assume heterogeneous households to track how alternative fiscal strategies affect income and wealth inequality. Our findings are threefold. First, spending-based fiscal rules can reduce the debt-to-GDP ratio in the long term but at the cost of significantly higher unemployment and permanently lower real GDP. Second, wealth tax-based fiscal policies reduce public debt without harming economic performance. Third, perhaps unexpectedly, in a financialized economy, spending-based fiscal austerity may hurt the relative position of rich households in wealth distribution as much as a wealth tax does; this is due to capital losses that spending cuts may eventually induce in households’ financial wealth. In the end, wealth taxes are preferable to spending cuts, and the usual political opposition against them by the rich appears largely unfounded given their potential economic benefits compared to spending-based fiscal austerity. |
| Keywords: | Spending-based fiscal rule, Wealth tax, Securitization |
| JEL: | E44 E63 H63 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pke:wpaper:pkwp2412 |
| By: | Thiago Revil T. Ferreira; Nils M. Gornemann; Julio L. Ortiz |
| Abstract: | Household savings rose above trend in many developed countries after the onset of COVID-19. Given its link to aggregate consumption, the presence of these "excess savings" has raised questions about their implications for the transmission of monetary policy. Using a panel of euro-area economies and high-frequency monetary policy shocks, we document that household excess savings dampen the effects of monetary policy on economic activity and inflation, especially during the pandemic period. To rationalize our empirical findings, we build a New Keynesian model in which households use savings to self-insure against counter-cyclical unemployment and consumption risk. |
| Keywords: | Monetary Policy; Excess Savings; Precautionary Savings; Consumption Risk; Unemployment |
| JEL: | E12 E21 E24 E31 E52 |
| Date: | 2024–10–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgif:1397 |
| By: | Miroslav Despotovic; Stumpe Eric; Matthias Zeppelzauer; Roberto Labadie-Tamayo |
| Abstract: | In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on addressing the problem of feature extraction and/or imputation of missing real estate data for training Automated Valuation Models (AVM), where Multi-Task Learning can be used as a convenient solution. Multi-task learning aims to learn multiple different tasks simultaneously while maximizing performance on certain or all the tasks. By learning several tasks in parallel, the information learned for one task can be used to better generalize for another task. The related information from other tasks thereby serves as a domain-specific inductive bias. This inductive bias is the pre-requisite for the classifier's or regressor's ability to generalize.Thereby, a more general representation should be learned that takes relationships between the different tasks into account and that enables transferring knowledge learned for one task to another (shared concepts). As a result, on task can build upon the information leaned for another task.To cope with the feature extraction and missing information in the data we leverage the framework of multi-task learning. Thereby, we aim at exploiting mutual information between similar real estate attributes for more accurate prediction of the extracted features. We aim at stacking and connecting task-specific layers on top of the multimodal representation. We jointly fine-tune the individual models with the information available as ground truth and connect the individual predictors to enable the sharing of concepts between real estate attributes. The main challenge is the different nature of the attributes that shall be modeled. Some attributes may be categorical (e.g. type of floor), others binary (e.g. balcony vs. no balcony) and others continuous (e.g. living area). Thus, different target functions must be optimized that require for different cost and regularization functions. This makes the learning task more difficult than typical multi-label learning tasks where all target functions are of the same type.The results show improved robustness of prediction by jointly modeling multiple attributes (including real estate properties' unstructured description text, images, numerical and categorical meta data) via multi-task learning, i.e. by leveraging information learned for one attribute to predict another one. We were able to achieve a particularly good prediction accuracy rate for external building characteristics such as year of construction, building condition and even heating demand.As real estate related attributes can be related (e.g. bulding condition is very likely to correlate with heating demand or building size is very likely to correlate with the number of floors) the joint modeling of multiple attributes in a multi-task fashion is a promising direction. We believe that the present study provides new insights into the use of alternative data and state-of-the-art analysis techniques for real estate analysis and provides a promising basis for further research in this area. |
| Keywords: | Automated Valuation Models; Data Enrichment; Multi-Task Machine Learning |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2024-023 |
| By: | Clements, Adam; Vasnev, Andrey L. |
| Abstract: | Forecasts of the covariance matrix of returns is a crucial input into portfolio construction. In recent years multivariate version of the Heterogenous AutoRegressive (HAR) models have been designed to utilise realised measures of the covariance matrix to generate forecasts. This paper shows that combining forecasts from simple HAR-like models provide more coefficients estimates, stable forecasts and lower portfolio turnover. The economic benefits of the combination approach become crucial when transactions costs are taken into account. This combination approach also provides benefits in the context of direct forecasts of the portfolio weights. Economic benefits are observed at both 1-day and 1-week ahead forecast horizons. |
| Keywords: | Realized volatility, realized covariance, forecast combination, HAR model, multivariate HAR, portfolio |
| JEL: | C53 C58 |
| Date: | 2023–11–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:syb:wpbsba:2123/31836 |
| By: | Yannai A. Gonczarowski; Ori Heffetz; Guy Ishai; Clayton Thomas |
| Abstract: | We conduct an incentivized lab experiment to test participants' ability to understand the DA matching mechanism and the strategyproofness property, conveyed in different ways. We find that while many participants can (using a novel GUI) learn DA's mechanics and calculate its outcomes, such understanding does not imply understanding of strategyproofness (as measured by specially designed tests). However, a novel menu description of strategyproofness conveys this property significantly better than other treatments. While behavioral effects are small on average, participants with levels of strategyproofness understanding above a certain threshold play the classical dominant strategy at very high rates. |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2409.18166 |
| By: | Alexander Bick; Adam Blandin; David Deming |
| Abstract: | An analysis suggests that generative AI has been quickly and widely adopted at home and in the workplace, with about 40% of the U.S. population ages 18 to 64 using it to some degree. |
| Keywords: | generative artificial intelligence (AI); labor productivity; technology adoption |
| Date: | 2023–09–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:l00001:98843 |
| By: | Civitello, Carissa; Bosonac, Ashley |
| Abstract: | Target marketing leverages many human characteristics to persuade a specific consumer group best. These characteristics may include demographic, geographic, psychographic, and lifestyle traits. The psychographic factors considered in target marketing most commonly include an understanding of consumer values and behavior, not personality type. Few studies have analyzed how personality type, more specifically introversion and extraversion, might shape the outcome of a campaign. Introversion and extraversion have proven to have a pivotal role in other areas of business, such as the workplace, sales forces, and customer engagement. Drawing on that connection, this research hypothesized that these personality types might also impact consumer responses to a marketing campaign, particularly the promotional element. To answer these queries, multiple theories of personality were analyzed, including Jung’s Theory of Personality, and applied to previous research to introversion and extraversion in target marketing. Results reflected that there is considerable merit behind the pursuit of tailored advertisement campaigns that target introverts and extroverts respectively. Such strategies might increase metrics and create a more predictable and direct campaign. Subsequent research is suggested to further corroborate this conclusion. |
| Keywords: | Target marketing leverages many human characteristics to persuade a specific consumer group best. These characteristics may include demographic, geographic, psychographic, and lifestyle traits. The psychographic factors considered in target marketing most commonly include an understanding of consumer values and behavior, not personality type. Few studies have analyzed how personality type, more specifically introversion and extraversion, might shape the outcome of a campaign. Introversion and extraversion have proven to have a pivotal role in other areas of business, such as the workplace, sales forces, and customer engagement. Drawing on that connection, this research hypothesized that these personality types might also impact consumer responses to a marketing campaign, particularly the promotional element. To answer these queries, multiple theories of personality were analyzed, including Jung’s Theory of Personality, and applied to previous research to introversion and extraversion in target marketing. Results reflected that there is considerable merit behind the pursuit of tailored advertisement campaigns that target introverts and extroverts respectively. Such strategies might increase metrics and create a more predictable and direct campaign. Subsequent research is suggested to further corroborate this conclusion. |
| JEL: | G00 |
| Date: | 2024–08–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122223 |
| By: | Yannai A. Gonczarowski; Ori Heffetz; Guy Ishai; Clayton Thomas |
| Abstract: | We conduct an incentivized lab experiment to test participants' ability to understand the DA matching mechanism and the strategyproofness property, conveyed in different ways. We find that while many participants can (using a novel GUI) learn DA's mechanics and calculate its outcomes, such understanding does not imply understanding of strategyproofness (as measured by specially designed tests). However, a novel menu description of strategyproofness conveys this property significantly better than other treatments. While behavioral effects are small on average, participants with levels of strategyproofness understanding above a certain threshold play the classical dominant strategy at very high rates. |
| JEL: | C78 C91 D47 D91 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33020 |
| By: | Mélanie Gittard (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Since 2000, Kenya has experienced an increase in the frequency of droughts, significantly affecting agriculture and driving labor force migration. This paper investigates strategic migration patterns among farmers and pastoralists in response to repetitive droughts. I use fine-grained data that enables the capture of shortdistance migration and heterogeneity, combining satellite-based data on daily rainfalls (CHIRPS) with exhaustive censuses from 1989, 1999, and 2009. I use a two-way fixed-effect model to exploit the spatial variation in drought frequency across 2, 518 sub-locations, comparing their demographic growth according to the number of dryrainy seasons over each decade. First, I show that increased drought frequency triggers out-migration, as one additional drought decreases demographic growth by 1.7 p.p, equivalent to a 1% population decline. This result is consistent within the [15; 65] age group, excluding other demographic effects and confirming migration as the driving factor. The main contribution of this paper is the identification of different migration strategies across livelihoods. Rural areas dominated by pastoral activities experience significant out-migration, leading to a rural-rural shift from pastoral to agriculture-oriented regions. Herders' migration displays little heterogeneity, suggesting the migration of entire households and consistent with migration as a last resort. Agricultural rural areas are less vulnerable to drought and display significant heterogeneity. The results show the migration of the most educated individuals in the working age, while uneducated individuals are trapped in affected areas. This paper highlights the importance of using detailed data to understand diverse migration strategies, thereby facilitating the implementation of effective policies. |
| Keywords: | Kenya, Droughts, Migration, Population, Census data |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:halshs-04685409 |
| By: | Jonathan Muringani; Rune Dahl Fitjar; Andres Rodriguez-Pose; ; |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the complex relationship between political and social trust, government quality, and economic development across 208 regions in the European Union (EU). We use a pooled data generalized structural equation model (GSEM) to show that political trust serves as a fundamental driver of regional economic development in the EU. Political trust is, in turn, influenced by both social trust and government quality. Social trust and government quality have quadratic effects on political trust, showing diminishing returns, while the effect of political trust on economic development is linear. Political trust mediates the relationship between social trust and economic development entirely, while government quality retains a direct relationship with economic development. These findings underscore the fundamental role that political trust plays as a mechanism through which both formal and informal institutions shape regional development. |
| Keywords: | EU, Political trust, Quality of government, regional economic development, social trust |
| JEL: | O43 D73 R11 H11 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2436 |
| By: | Partha Deb; Edward C. Norton; Jeffrey M. Wooldridge; Jeffrey E. Zabel |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a method to estimate treatment effects in difference-in-differences designs in which the treatment start is staggered over time and treatment effects are heterogeneous by group, time, and covariates, and when the data are repeated cross-sections. We show that a linear-in-parameters regression specification with a sufficiently flexible functional form consisting of group-by-time treatment effects, two-way fixed effects, and interaction terms yields consistent estimates of heterogeneous treatment effects under general conditions. The estimates are efficient and aggregation of treatment effects and inference are straightforward. We call it FLEX, because it is a flexible linear model estimated by OLS with covariates (X). We illustrate the use of FLEX with two empirical examples and provide comparisons to other recently derived estimators. |
| JEL: | C01 C21 C50 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33026 |
| By: | Ive Marx;; Henri Haapanala;; Sarah Marchal; |
| Abstract: | There has not been much progress on the poverty front in Europe over recent decades, at least if we take it as a relative phenomenon in affluent societies. There is a lot of pessimism about the possibility of making any real progress at all. Some argue that adequate poverty relief is simply too expensive or that it would put too much of a redistributive burden on the electorally powerful, making it politically difficult, if not infeasible. Another prominent argument is that wage floors and thus outof-work benefit levels are inexorably under pressure, making poverty relief both harder to achieve and more expensive in budgetary terms. This paper sets out these accounts and focuses on what has been happening to statutory, absolute and effective wage floors in Europe over the past decades. We ask whether progress on the poverty front through pushing up wage floors and subsequently out-ofwork benefits is a realistic prospect. We see reasons for optimism. measure for policy design and evaluation |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hdl:wpaper:2403 |
| By: | Afia Malik (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad); Saddam Hussein (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad); Tehmina Asad (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad) |
| Abstract: | This study reviews NTDC's performance as the national grid and system operator. A case study approach is adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of NTDC's performance. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:rrepot:2024:17 |
| By: | Costas Arkolakis; Conor Walsh |
| Abstract: | In this paper we assess the economic impacts of moving to a renewable-dominated grid in the US. We use projections of capital costs to develop price bounds on future wholesale power prices at the local geographic level. We then use a class of spatial general equilibrium models to estimate the effect on wages and output of prices falling below these bounds in the medium term. Power prices fall anywhere between 20% and 80%, depending on local solar resources, leading to an aggregate real wage gain of 2-3%. Over the longer term, we show how moving to clean power represents a qualitative change in the aggregate growth process, alleviating the “resource drag” that has slowed recent productivity growth in the US. |
| JEL: | E60 O4 Q40 Q42 Q43 Q57 R13 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33028 |
| By: | Robert W. Fairlie; Daniel M. Oliver; Glenn Millhauser; Randa Roland |
| Abstract: | An extensive literature in the social sciences analyzes peer effects among students, but estimation is complicated by several major problems some of which cannot be solved even with random assignment. We design a field experiment and propose a new estimation technique to address these estimation problems including the mechanical problems associated with repeated observations within peer groups noted by Angrist (2014). The field experiment randomly assigns students to one-to-one partnerships in an important gateway STEM course at a large public university. We find no evidence of peer effects from estimates of exogenous peer effect models. We push further and estimate outcome-on-outcome models which sometimes reveal peer effects when exogenous models do not provide good proxies for ability. We find some limited evidence of small, positive outcome-on-outcome peer effects (which would have been missed without our new estimation technique). Standard estimation methods fail to detect peer effects and even return negative estimates in our Monte Carlo simulations because of the downward bias due to mechanical problems. Simulations reveal additional advantages of our technique especially when peer group sizes are fixed. Estimates of non-linear effects, heterogeneous effects, and different measures of peer ability and outcomes reveal mostly null effects but we find some evidence that low-ability peers negatively affect low-ability and medium-ability students. The findings in this setting of long-term, intensive interactions with classroom random assignment and “throwing everything at it” provide evidence of, at most, small positive peer effects contrasting with the common finding of large peer effects in previous studies in education. |
| JEL: | I22 I23 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33060 |
| By: | Guillaume Rousson (Laboratoire de Recherche Magellan - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Lyon); Guillaume Bezie; Catherine Cerisey; Yann Le Gars |
| Keywords: | Patient Experience, patient partnership, Natural Language Processing, Quality of care, Health Management, Dashboard, Partenariat Patient, Expérience patient, Traitement automatique du langage, Qualité des soins, Management de la santé, Tableaux de bord |
| Date: | 2023–06–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04698295 |
| By: | Cummins, Neil |
| Abstract: | Using surnames from the universe of death and wealth-at-death records in England and Wales, from 1858 to 2018, I document the emergence of a modern ethnic wealth gradient. Historically, Non-British ethnicities have average wealth 2–5 times that of the English. However, this premium has decreased over the 20th century. By 1980, non-British ethnicities have no advantage over the British. However, this masks considerable heterogeneity within the non-British ethnicity group. Europeans typically die significantly richer than the English whereas the Pakistani and Swedish die significantly poorer. Some groups always have lower wealth. The Irish, have wealth around 50% of the average English throughout. Surprisingly, the most egalitarian measure of wealth is representation within the top 1%. Most ethnicities have an equal, or greater, representation in the top 1% than the English, 1980–1992. Despite large differences in average wealth between ethnicities, the vast majority of variation, 97.5% is between individuals. |
| Keywords: | Elsevier deal |
| JEL: | N00 N33 N34 |
| Date: | 2024–10–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:124610 |
| By: | Heller, Lorena; Nogales, Ricardo |
| Abstract: | Over 30 percent of female workers are self-employed across Latin America, relying on this mode of work for subsistence. Self-employment in the region is regularly marked by the absence of health insurance and lack of pension benefits. Despite the aspirations of many women to gain access to these benefits, they are persistently overrepresented among the socially unprotected part of the workforce. To address this issue and explore potential solutions, we conducted a laboratory experiment in Bolivia to assess the efficacy of nudges to influence the behavior of self-employed women. Participants were randomly assigned to one of six groups, each receiving either an informative message highlighting the benefits of contributing to a long-term pension system, a message emphasizing the advantages of health insurance, or a nudge aimed at reducing the effort and costs associated with enrolling in a savings or retirement plan. Our findings indicate that informative messages alone were effective in increasing voluntary contributions to experimental pension and health insurance schemes. Reductions in time and effort required for enrollment did not lead to a significant increase of voluntary contributions. Moreover, we found that the effectiveness of these interventions varied depending on the type of worker, with high-effort workers being the most responsive. |
| Keywords: | Self-employment;Pension system;Health Insurance;Laboratory experiment |
| JEL: | C91 J16 J20 J70 |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:13754 |
| By: | Laura E. McCann; Jeffrey D. Michler; Maybin Mwangala; Osaretin Olurotimi; Natalia Estrada Carmona |
| Abstract: | Population pressure is speeding the rate of deforestation in Sub-Saharan Africa, increasing the cost of biomass cooking fuel, which over 80 percent of the population relies upon. Higher energy input costs for meal preparation command a larger portion of household spending which in turn induces families to focus their diet on quick cooking staples. We use a field experiment in Zambia to investigate the impact of solar cook stoves on meal preparation choices and expenditures on biomass fuel. Participants kept a detailed food diary recording every ingredient and fuel source used in preparing every dish at every meal for every day during the six weeks of the experiment. This produces a data set of 93, 606 ingredients used in the preparation of 30, 314 dishes. While treated households used the solar stoves to prepare around 40 percent of their dishes, the solar stove treatment did not significantly increase measures of nutritional diversity nor did treated households increase the number of dishes per meal or reduce the number of meals they skipped. However, treated households significantly reduced the amount of time and money spent on obtaining fuel for cooking. These results suggest that solar stoves, while not changing a household's dietary composition, does relax cooking fuel constraints, allowing households to prepare more meals by reducing the share of household expenditure that goes to meal preparation. |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2410.02075 |
| By: | Nguyen, Ha Trong; Zubrick, Stephen R.; Mitrou, Francis |
| Abstract: | This study explores the allocation of time, particularly to sleep, among children and adolescents in response to daily daylight variation. Utilising a dataset of over 50, 000 time-use diaries from two Australian cohorts spanning 16 years and employing an individual fixed effects estimator, we uncover a substantial causal impact of daily daylight duration on sleep patterns. Our findings reveal that days with longer daylight hours are associated with a decrease in total sleep duration, primarily driven by a later sleep onset time. Additionally, longer daylight hours correspond to reduced time spent on personal care and media activities, with increased dedication to school and physical activities. Furthermore, we identify socio-demographic factors moderating these effects, such as older age and weekend days exerting a stronger influence on sleep duration, while females and children of unemployed mothers exhibit a subtle impact. These insights contribute to our understanding of how environmental factors shape daily routines and offer implications for designing schedules that promote positive developmental outcomes in young individuals. |
| Keywords: | Sleep; Time Allocation; Circadian Rhythms; Solar Cycles; Children |
| JEL: | I00 I12 J24 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122226 |