|
on Macroeconomics |
| By: | Jesús Fernández-Villaverde; Joël Marbet; Galo Nuño; Omar Rachedi |
| Abstract: | This paper studies how household inequality shapes the effects of the zero lower bound (ZLB) on nominal interest rates on aggregate dynamics. To do so, we consider a heterogeneous agent New Keynesian (HANK) model with an occasionally binding ZLB and solve for its fully nonlinear stochastic equilibrium using a novel neural network algorithm. In this setting, changes in the monetary policy stance influence households’ precautionary savings by altering the frequency of ZLB events. As a result, the model features monetary policy non-neutrality in the long run. The degree of long-run non-neutrality, i.e., by how much monetary policy shifts real rates in the ergodic distribution of the model, can be substantial when we combine low inflation targets and high levels of wealth inequality. |
| Keywords: | heterogeneous agents, HANK models, neural networks, non-linear dynamics |
| JEL: | D31 E12 E21 E31 E43 E52 E58 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10471&r=mac |
| By: | Christian Hoynck (Bank of Italy); Luca Rossi (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we propose a methodology to assess the structural drivers of inflation expectations, as measured by inflation-linked swaps. To this end, we estimate a Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (BVAR) model for the euro area (EA) and the United States (US) on daily asset price movements in the two economies. Shocks are identified using sign and magnitude restrictions, also taking into account international spillovers. The inclusion of inflation expectations helps to clearly distinguish between supply and demand innovations. The findings suggest that over the course of 2021-23 inflation expectations in the US were steadily sustained by domestic demand, while in the EA they mostly reflected supply shocks, and only more recently a growing strength of demand factors. Our evidence also indicates that monetary policy shocks gradually contributed to lowering inflation expectations in both jurisdictions, although with different timing and vigour. |
| Keywords: | inflation expectations, international transmission, monetary policy, high-frequency identification. |
| JEL: | C32 C54 E31 E44 E52 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_779_23&r=mac |
| By: | Oyadeyi, Olajide |
| Abstract: | Many articles had been published online regarding the proposed naira redesign and its possible consequences on the Nigerian economy ex-ante. This article however focuses on the naira redesign and its implications on the Nigerian economy ex-post, particularly in Q1 2023, when the policy took effect. To achieve this, the article highlights some facts about Nigeria’s economy, as well as the implications of the policy on economic activities, using trend analysis on a host of economic variables, with reference to the real GDP, PMI, and inflation. The trend analysis results showed that indeed, the cash-crunch policy affected economic growth and productive activities as real GDP and the PMI shrank. On the other hand, the article dismisses the notion that the inability to account for the high currency outside banks to currency in circulation ratio was the main cause of rising consumer inflation in Nigeria. Rather, the article revealed that the growth in money supply was induced by quasi-money activities which may have led to the rise in consumer prices. |
| Keywords: | Cash Crunch, Naira Redesign, Demand for Money, Nigeria, Q1 2023, Currency in Circulation, Currency Outside Banks, Velocity of Money |
| JEL: | E40 E41 E42 E5 E6 |
| Date: | 2023–05–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117550&r=mac |
| By: | Valentina Cepeda; Bibiana Taboada-Arango; Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas |
| Abstract: | We bring together the largest meta-analysis ever conducted in the macroeconomic literature to investigate the effects of central bank credibility on monetary policy. With nearly 1, 200 surveyed effects, we first confirm that: (i) conventional policy significantly affects inflation and output, and (ii) unconventional policy significantly affects capital flows and the exchange rate. We next evaluate if different measures of credibility amplify these effects. Our findings indicate that central bank transparency has the largest payoff, as it increases policy effectiveness by 69% when dealing with foreign exchange intervention, by 59% when dealing with capital inflows, and by 14% when dealing with conventional policy. An alternative measure, medium and long-term anchoring in inflation expectations, is the runner up, increasing effectiveness by 31%, 9%, and 10%, respectively. Other measures, such as central bank independence and short-term anchoring in inflation expectations have lower and in some cases null effects. **** RESUMEN: Reunimos el primer meta-análisis sobre el impacto que tiene la credibilidad de los bancos centrales en la política monetaria. Con cerca de 1.200 efectos reportados, primero confirmamos que: (i) la política convencional significativamente afecta la inflación y el crecimiento económico y (ii) la política no convencional afecta significativamente los flujos de capital y tasa de cambio. Segundo, evaluamos si diferentes medidas de credibilidad amplifican estos efectos. Nuestros hallazgos indican que la transparencia del banco central tiene el mayor impacto, ya que aumenta la efectividad en un 69% cuando se trata de intervención cambiaria, en un 59% cuando se trata de flujos de capital, y en un 14% cuando se trata de la política convencional. Otras medidas de credibilidad, como el anclaje de expectativas de inflación y la independencia del banco, también magnifican la política monetaria, pero en menor proporción. |
| Keywords: | Meta-Analysis, Central bank credibility, Conventional policy, Unconventional policy, Capital Flows, Foreign exchange intervention, Meta-Análisis, Credibilidad Monetaria, Política Convencional, Política No Convencional, Flujos de Capital, Intervención Cambiaria |
| JEL: | C83 E52 E58 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdr:borrec:1239&r=mac |
| By: | Christina Anderl; Guglielmo Maria Caporale |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses time variation in monetary policy rules by applying a Time-Varying Parameter Generalised Methods of Moments (TVP-GMM) framework. Using monthly data until December 2022 for five inflation targeting countries (the UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Sweden) and five countries with alternative monetary regimes (the US, Japan, Denmark, the Euro Area, Switzerland), we find that monetary policy has become more averse to inflation and more responsive to the output gap in both sets of countries over time. In particular, there has been a clear shift in inflation targeting countries towards a more hawkish stance on inflation since the adoption of this regime and a greater response to both inflation and the output gap in most countries after the global financial crisis, which indicates a stronger reliance on monetary rules to stabilise the economy in recent years. It also appears that inflation targeting countries pay greater attention to the exchange rate pass-through channel when setting interest rates. Finally, monetary surprises do not seem to be an important determinant of the evolution over time of the Taylor rule parameters, which suggests a high degree of monetary policy transparency in the countries under examination. |
| Keywords: | Taylor rules, monetary policy rules, Generalised Methods of Moments, Time-varying parameters |
| JEL: | C14 C52 E52 E58 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10451&r=mac |
| By: | Tondok, Heni Kartini Tallu |
| Abstract: | Kant menetapkan akal pikiran sebagai dasar bagi etika. Pandangan terhadap etika ditentukan oleh adanya kemauan untuk memperoleh hakikat dari sesuatu. Etika yang dikemukakan oleh Kant dapat mewujudkan berbagai perbuatan atau tindakan disertai dengan adanya kesadaran akan kewajiban. Etika merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari norma-norma yang mengatur tingkah laku manusia serta berbicara tentang keharusan yang dilakukan oleh manusia tentang apa yang baik, benar dan tepat. Pengertian etika secara luas adalah, ilmu yang mencari ukuran baik dan buruk dalam perbuatan manusia, dan juga sebagai pekerjaan budhi pekerti untuk tuntunan hidup manusia. Dalam pandangan Kant, manusia adalah makhluk hidup dengan martabat yang tinggi. Pendidikan diperlukan oleh manusia untuk menyempurnakan pribadi manusia yang berwatak luhur dan bertanggung jawab. Sifat manusia yang utuh dibangun melalui pendidikan bagi individu maupun kelompok. Peran pendidikan ialah menghasilkan individu yang mampu memberikan daya guna melalui keahlian dirinya sehingga memberikan manfaat bagi dirinya dan orang lain. Antara etika dengan peserta didik memiliki hubungan yang sangat erat. Etika sangat berperan penting terhadap diri setiap peserta didik seperti mahasiswa maupun orang lain, dengan memahami peranan etika peserta didik dapat bertindak sewajarnya dalam melakukan aktivitasnya sebagai mahasiswa. Dengan etika mahasiswa dapat berperilaku sopan dan santun terhadap siapa pun dan apapun itu. Namun, dalam bidang pendidikan, nilai-nilai etika sudah mulai terabaikan, yaitu dengan adanya kecenderungan bahwa tugas kependidikan adalah untuk melahirkan manusia yang cerdas tanpa memperhatikan tuntutan terhadap kesadaran etika, segala yang terkait dengannya (moral, karakter mulia, dan akhlaq), dan tidak hanya pintar wacana tapi giat dalam praktik. Prioritas utama pendidikan hanyalah sekadar mengejar kecerdasan rasional tanpa diimbangi dengan emosional yang berakar dari nilai hidup (etika), nilai agama, dan budaya tanpa ikut terlibat untuk berbuat nyata. Para peserta didik hanya berorientasi mengejar nilai pelajaran atau mata kuliah. Hal ini akan berakibat lahirnya manusia-manusia pintar, tetapi rendah kepedulian terhadap implementasi etika dan tidak mampu atau tidak terpanggil berbuat nyata. |
| Date: | 2023–05–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:dp587&r=mac |
| By: | Taraba, Niclas; Mengen, Andreas |
| Abstract: | Was bedeutet eigentlich "Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement" und wann handeln Unternehmen nachhaltig und wann nicht? Um möglichst präzise und vergleichbare Antworten auf diese Frage geben zu können, wurde mit der EU-Taxonomie ein umfangreiches Rahmenwerk vorgelegt, welches im Kern nachhaltiges Management transparenter und messbarer machen soll. Dieses Klassifikationssystem nachhaltiger Tätigkeiten hat zum Ziel, Kapital in nachhaltige Wirtschaftsaktivitäten zu lenken. Die Auswirkungen auf Unternehmen gehen über die bereits in weiten Teilen eingeführte Berichtspflicht zum eigenen Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement hinaus. Es zeichnet sich ab, dass Unternehmen, die die Kriterien der EU-Taxonomie nicht oder unzureichend erfüllen, empfindliche Wettbewerbsnachteile befürchten müssen. Obwohl die EU-Taxonomie sich noch im Anfangsstadium befindet, gibt es bereits heute schon ganz konkrete Auswirkungen auf die Unternehmenspraxis. Was sind diese Auswirkungen und welche Bedeutung haben sie insbesondere für Nicht-Finanzunternehmen? Auf diese Fragen gibt die vorliegende Schrift Antworten. |
| Keywords: | EU-Taxonomie, Nachhaltigkeitsberichtserstattung, Reporting, Offenlegungspflichten, Berichtspflicht, Klassifikationssystem, Nachhaltigkeit, Transparenz, Stakeholder-Druck, European Green Deal |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hkowis:372023&r=mac |
| By: | Charles F. Manski; Eytan Sheshinski |
| Abstract: | A central mission of public economics has been to determine policies that optimize utilitarian welfare. To improve the realism of policy evaluation, it is desirable to enrich understanding of behavior and develop methods of analysis that use the enriched understanding to assess policies. Attention has been given to recognition that behavior may be boundedly rational, but little has been done to draw the implications of this work for mechanism design. Behavioral economists have suggested that planners should limit the choices available to individuals or should frame the options in a manner thought to influence choice, but the discussion has commonly been verbal and casual. We formally consider a planner who has the power to design a discrete choice set from which individuals will choose. We suppose that individuals may be boundedly rational and, hence, may not maximize utility. Our concern is realistic settings in which persons have heterogeneous preferences and may vary in how their choices deviate from utility maximization. We find that optimal paternalism is subtle. The policy that most effectively constrains or influences individual choices depends on the distribution of preferences and the choice probabilities measuring the extent to which persons behave suboptimally, conditional on their preferences. |
| JEL: | H10 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31349&r=mac |
| By: | Sasmita, Rika Riski; Susanto, Romi |
| Abstract: | Credit comes from the Greek credere which means trust. In general, credit means the ability to provide loans with a promise that will be repaid in accordance with the agreed time. To find out what are the procedures for granting working capital loans to PT.Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Pembangunan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. The development of Working Capital Loans is one of the interesting topics to be discussed, refined and improved so that the handling is more effective to optimize banking for the development and improvement of these loans. Place of research at PT. Pemabgunan People's Credit Bank, Padang Pariaman Regency. Methods of data analysis using descriptive method. The results showed that the systems and procedures for granting working capital loans at PT. The People's Credit Bank Pembagunan Padang Pariaman Regency has been running well, starting from the stages of filing documents, collateral surveys, credit decisions, to the stages of channeling or withdrawing funds. |
| Date: | 2023–05–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:8vtcp&r=mac |
| By: | Bingyou Chen; Yu Luo; Jieni Li; Yujian Li; Ying Liu; Fan Yang; Yanan Qiao |
| Abstract: | This thesis provides an in-depth exploration of the Decentralized Co-governance Crowdfunding (DCC) Ecosystem, a novel solution addressing prevailing challenges in conventional crowdfunding methods faced by MSMEs and innovative projects. Among the problems it seeks to mitigate are high transaction costs, lack of transparency, fraud, and inefficient resource allocation. Leveraging a comprehensive review of the existing literature on crowdfunding economic activities and blockchain's impact on organizational governance, we propose a transformative socio-economic model based on digital tokens and decentralized co-governance. This ecosystem is marked by a tripartite community structure - the Labor, Capital, and Governance communities - each contributing uniquely to the ecosystem's operation. Our research unfolds the evolution of the DCC ecosystem through distinct phases, offering a novel understanding of socioeconomic dynamics in a decentralized digital world. It also delves into the intricate governance mechanism of the ecosystem, ensuring integrity, fairness, and a balanced distribution of value and wealth. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2306.00869&r=mac |
| By: | Kwon, Hyunho (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Joo Hyoung (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Minjung (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kwak, Dongchul (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | WTO에서 전자상거래 논의가 시작된 이후 국제사회에서는 디지털무역에 대한 정립을 다양한 각도에서 시도하고자 노력하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 아직까지 국제사회에서 다자관계에 적용될 통일된 규범이나 시스템은 마련되지 못하였으며, 대부분은 양자 또는 일부 국가들 사이에서 체결되는 협정들로 이를 규율하고 있는 상황이다. 이러한 국제사회의 현실에서 새로운 도전이 될 디지털무역 분야를 규율하는 규범체제는 어떤 형식으로 체결될 것이며, 어떤 내용을 포함하게 될 것인가? 이 연구는 지금까지 체결된 주요 디지털통상협정의 형식과 내용을 분석함으로써 우리나라 디지털통상협정의 표준 모델을 구축하기 위해 고려해야 할 요소들을 제안하고자 한다. The purpose of this research is to provide necessary information to prepare a basic model law for the digital trade agreement that Korea will conclude. And more, this study analyzes the “forms and contents” of several digital trade agreements concluded so far, and presents practical considerations that need to be reviewed from a legal and policy perspective when Korea has a chance to conclude digital trade agreements in the future. To this end, Chapter 2 presents specific grounds to establish the Korean digital trade agreement model at the formal or structural level. This is a formal and structural approach to consider for setting the model of digital trade agreements. To solve this problem, this study conducts a detailed review in two main aspects. First of all, the implications of the multilateral discussions on the digital trade agreement will be analyzed. Through this study, it is possible to examine the various forms or structures of digital trade agreements that appear in multilateral discussions themselves. On the other hand, what needs to be addressed in the process of forming a more realistic model is the formal aspect of digital trade agreements through bilateral, regional and plurilateral agreements or multilateral agreements. This approach will be the most realistic solution for Korea or most countries. In particular, there are various types for regulating digital trade through bilateral, regional and plurilateral agreements or multilateral agreements, such as those attached as part of FTAs or RTAs, and those concluded as independent trade agreements regardless of FTAs such as DEPA or KSDPA. Therefore, Chapter 2 presents various trade legal and policy implications, such as the meaning and characteristics of digital trade agreements concluded in different forms, and problems according to the legal perspectives of the agreement itself, which helps Korea set a model agreement.(the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | E-trade; e-commerce; digital trade agreement; standard model; digital model norms; digital agreement; digital economy |
| Date: | 2023–05–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2022_029&r=mac |
| By: | Günther, Maik; Hastenteufel, Jessica; Rehfeld, Katharina |
| Abstract: | Die Digitalisierung der gesamten unternehmerischen Wertschöpfungskette erzeugt eine große Menge an Daten. Der Wert dieser Rohdaten kann gesteigert werden, indem sie zu Smart Data verarbeitet werden. Smart Data sind Daten, die durch ihre intelligente und qualitätsorientierte Verarbeitung neues Wissen generieren und damit einen Mehrwert für Unternehmen schaffen. Im Personalwesen kann Smart Data Analytics im Kontext von People Analytics eingesetzt werden, wobei das strategische Workforce Management ein spezifisches Handlungsfeld darstellt. Ziel des strategischen Workforce Managements ist es, die optimale Personalstruktur zu ermitteln. Dies geschieht durch die Analyse zahlreicher Szenarien, wobei konkrete Personaleinsatzpläne für mehrere Monate oder sogar Jahre erstellt werden. Dabei entsteht eine große Menge an Daten, die in geeigneter Weise aufbereitet und analysiert werden müssen. Aufgrund des hohen Detaillierungsgrades kann die Wirkung von Maßnahmen zur Erreichung der optimalen Personalstruktur mit strategischem Workforce Management bewertet werden. Praxisbeispiele in einem Callcenter und im Handel zeigen den Nutzen von strategischem Workforce Management und damit von Smart Data Analytics im Personalwesen. Gegenstand der aktuellen Forschung sind geeignete Optimierungsalgorithmen für die Personaleinsatzplanung in Langzeitszenarien sowie der adäquate Umgang mit den zahlreichen Ergebnissen, so dass neue Erkenntnisse für die optimale Personalstruktur effizient gewonnen werden können. |
| Keywords: | Workforce Management, strategisches Workforce Management, strategische Personalplanung, optimale Personalstruktur, Human Resources, Personalwirtschaft, People Analytics, Smart Data Analytics, präskriptive Analyse |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iubhit:1mai2023&r=mac |
| By: | Aulia, Rizki Luthfi; Agatha, Meiyola Krisma; , Nurfadilah; Pandin, Maria Yovita R |
| Abstract: | One of the economic sectors that has attracted the most attention is the manufacturing sector, especially Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). MSMEs are able to survive the existing financial crises. In addition, MSMEs also make a very large contribution to the Indonesian economy. This article aims to determine the effect of Financial Literacy and Financial Behavior on Financial Resilience in MSMEs in Surabaya, especially in the Ngagel Village. The objects that become variables in this study are Financial Literacy, Financial Behavior, and Financial Resilience. The subjects in this study were MSME actors. This article is a quantitative descriptive using primary data in the form of a questionnaire distributed to MSME actors. The results of this article can be concluded that financial literacy and financial behavior have a positive effect on Financial Resilience in MSMEs to improve behavior in managing business finances well for financial well-being. |
| Date: | 2023–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:6y2gf&r=mac |
| By: | Higham, Ian |
| Abstract: | Governments sometimes adopt policies that are not aligned with their preferences or have not come onto their agendas when doing so is linked to a reward. International organizations can therefore set conditions for coveted membership that include adopting new human rights and regulatory policies. As international organizations increasingly converge around the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, how might they promote national uptake of these guidelines? This article considers the prospects of accession conditionality in answering this question. The focus of the article is on European Union and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) expansion in Central and Eastern Europe, where uptake of business and human rights policies remains comparatively low. The article argues that while these organizations increasingly include business and human rights conditionalities in accession negotiations, there remains significantly greater scope for promoting the Guiding Principles. |
| Keywords: | accession conditionality; European Union; international organizations; organization for economic cooperation and development; CUP deal |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2023–06–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:119287&r=mac |
| By: | Christine Rifflart (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po) |
| Abstract: | Comme partout, la reprise en Espagne aura été interrompue à l'été 2022 par la guerre en Ukraine et les conséquences inflationnistes qu'elle a engendrées. Á la perte de pouvoir d'achat du revenu des ménages et à la montée des incertitudes qui brident les comportements d'achats, s'ajoutent depuis l'été dernier, le resserrement monétaire conduit par la BCE et le désengagement progressif de la politique budgétaire de soutien à l'économie face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine. Sur l'ensemble de l'année 2022, la croissance du PIB affiche un score honorable de 5, 5 %, comme en 2021, mais l'acquis en début d'année 2023 n'est plus que de 0, 8 point (contre 3, 6 points début 2022). En 2023 et 2024, le ralentissement est marqué : la croissance devrait avoisiner 1, 6 % et 2, 2 % respectivement et l'inflation devrait converger vers 3 % dès la mi 2024. |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-04097970&r=mac |
| By: | Fiore Camille (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | Air pollution is responsible for many premature deaths each year. Faced with this, local authorities are obliged to work collectively to define and implement strategies and actions in favor of air quality. In other words, local actors are developing inter-organizational relationships as a result of a state injunction. However, these relationships, like territorial management practices, are conducive to the development of paradoxical tensions. We seek to know in what way territorial public actors can develop and manage inter-organizational relations in the face of management paradoxes. This paper presents part of the results of Fiore's (2022) doctoral dissertation work, which is based on a multiple case study with embedded design. Our results indicate that local public actors are constrained in multiple ways and on multiple levels. These tend to accumulate to the point of forming paradoxical tensions. All of these difficulties are finally illustrated through a recursive loop, or in other words, a vicious circle. |
| Abstract: | La pollution atmosphérique est responsable de nombreux décès prématurés chaque année. Face à cela, les pouvoirs publics locaux sont dans l'obligation de travailler collectivement à la définition et à la mise en œuvre de stratégies et d'actions en faveur de la qualité de l'air. Autrement dit, les acteurs locaux développent des relations inter-organisationnelles du fait d'une injonction étatique. Cependant, celles-ci, tout comme les pratiques de management territorial, sont propices au développement de tensions paradoxales. Nous cherchons à savoir de quelle manière les acteurs publics territoriaux peuvent-ils développer et gérer des relations inter-organisationnelles face à des paradoxes de gestion. Cette communication présente une partie des résultats des travaux de thèse doctorale de Fiore (2022) qui s'appuient sur une étude de cas multiples au design enchâssé. Nos résultats indiquent que les acteurs publics locaux sont freinés de multiples manières et sur de nombreux niveaux. Ces différents tendent à se cumuler jusqu'à former des tensions paradoxales. L'ensemble de ces difficultés s'illustre finalement à travers une boucle récursive, ou dit autrement, un cercle vicieux. |
| Keywords: | interorganizational relationships, paradoxes, air quality, community of inquiry, institutional work, Relations inter-organisationnelles RIO, Paradoxes, Qualité de l'air, Communauté d'enquête, Travail institutionnel |
| Date: | 2023–05–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04122049&r=mac |
| By: | daud, Nur amalia |
| Abstract: | Kebijakan fiskal atau yang disebut juga dengan kebijakan anggaran adalah kebijakan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah melalui instrumen kebijakan fiskal seperti pengaturan pengeluaran negara maupun pendapatan negara yang ditujukan untuk mempengaruhi tingkat permintaan agregat di dalam perekonomian. Kebijakan fiskal dibedakan menjadi dua yakni kebijakan fiskal aktif dan kebijakan fiskal pasif. |
| Date: | 2023–06–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:d76xm&r=mac |
| By: | Hing, Vutha (Asian Development Bank Institute); Thangavelu, Shandre M. (Asian Development Bank Institute); Kong, Ratha (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | We examine the innovation and competitiveness of firms, especially with regard to the channels of technology transfer and the nature of innovation activities that influence firm performance in Cambodia's economy. Despite the growing importance of innovation, there has been no empirical analysis of the factors affecting technological and innovative development and the impact that these factors have on firms’ productivity in Cambodia. We use the World Bank Enterprise Survey for Cambodian enterprises for our empirical implementation. The results of the research indicate that overseas linkages that include both upstream and downstream activities could affect productivity growth at both firm and industry levels. We also find that technology and innovation have a positive impact on the productivity of firms in Cambodia. |
| Keywords: | technology; innovation; productivity; human capital; export and import |
| JEL: | D24 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1353&r=mac |