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on Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty |
| By: | Landersø, Rasmus (Rockwool Foundation Research Unit); Karlson, Kristian B. (University of Copenhagen) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies intergenerational educational mobility among immigrants and descendants in Denmark for cohorts born between 1965 and 1990. At first glance, the data suggests that immigrants experience higher mobility than native Danes, but this pattern is driven by low coverage and poor data quality of parental education information in administrative registers. Among immigrants with the most reliable data, mobility patterns closely resemble those of natives. Auxiliary analyses using representative survey data corroborate this finding. Moreover, including immigrants in population-wide mobility estimates—given their artificially high relative mobility—attenuates trends in estimated mobility, especially for cohorts bornin the 1980s. |
| Keywords: | native-immigrant gaps, educational mobility, data quality |
| JEL: | E43 E52 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18284 |
| By: | Antonini, Marcello; Costa-Font, Joan |
| Abstract: | Health status can alter individuals’ social preferences, and specifically individuals' preferences regarding fairness in the access to and financing of health care. If individuals follow a healthy self-interested rationale, health improvements are expected to weaken individuals' support for fairer health care financing and access, as they perceive reduced need for healthcare services. Conversely, if healthier people face a higher opportunity cost of deteriorating health, they may endorse fairer financing and access in anticipation of future health challenges—which we label as the 'unhealthy self-interest' hypothesis. We draw on a dataset of 73, 452 individuals across 22 countries and a novel instrumental variable strategy that exploits variation in health status resulting from cross-country exposure to the national childhood Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination schedules. We document causal evidence consistent with the unhealthy self-interest hypothesis, which indicates that better health increases preferences for a fairer health care system. We estimate that a one-unit increase in self-reported health increases support for fair health care access by 11% and the willingness to support fair financing by 8%. Our findings suggest that improving population health, they may give rise to stronger support for interventions to improve equitable health system access and financing. |
| Keywords: | health status; preferences for healthcare financing fairness; willingness to pay; social preferences; BCG vaccine; instrumental variables |
| JEL: | I38 |
| Date: | 2025–11–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130090 |
| By: | Bohacek, Radim (CERGE-EI); Myck, Michal (Centre for Economic Analysis, CenEA) |
| Abstract: | We examine the consequences of political persecution under the communist regime on labor market outcomes using life history data from the Czech sample of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. The risk of persecution is instrumented using unique administrative data on the intensity of political oppression. We find strong evidence of career degradation as a consequence of persecution-driven job losses. Our estimates suggest that earnings in jobs following such a loss carried a penalty of over 60 percent that accumulated over time to substantially lower retirement benefits. We document the gravity of economic consequences for ordinary citizens persecuted by the authoritarian regime as well as effective compensating schemes implemented by democratic governments after 1989. |
| Keywords: | communist regimes, political persecution, discrimination, wage differentials, life histories |
| JEL: | J70 J31 N34 C21 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18282 |