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on Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty |
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Issue of 2014‒10‒03
three papers chosen by |
| By: | David Turchick |
| Abstract: | Measures of social mobility provide an extra dimension for testing job search models. The present note tests the dynamic model in [Acemoglu, D., 1999. Changes in unemployment and wage inequality: an alternative theory and some evidence. American Economic Review 89, 1259-1278] with respect to Fields’ mobility-as-an-equalizer-of-longer-term-incomes index. The 1980s in the U.S. were not only a period of raising inequality, but also one of longer-term earnings becoming even more unequal than short-term earnings. We establish that this pattern of social mobility (i) is consistent with Acemoglu's argument pointing to a qualitative change in job composition during this period, and (ii) would not arise had a qualitative change in labor markets equilibrium not taken place. |
| Keywords: | social mobility; longer-term incomes; job search; skill-biased technical change; United States |
| JEL: | D63 J24 J31 J64 |
| Date: | 2014–09–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spa:wpaper:2014wpecon16&r=ltv |
| By: | Florencia Amábile (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Marisa Bucheli (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Máximo Rossi (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República) |
| Abstract: | In Uruguay the tax structure and social spending reduce inequality and poverty for the whole society (Bucheli et al. 2013). In this study we analyze the effect of fiscal policy by race considering whites, afros and indigenous. The main question of our paper is whether the reduction of inequality and poverty benefit a racial group over the others or affectracial ethnic groups equally. The three racial groups are equally likely to be taken off extreme poverty by the direct transfer system. However, the hazard of leaving moderate poverty is lower for indigenous than for the other two groups. So the direct transfer system reduces poverty of the three groups but does not achieve to put racial groups on an equal footing. When analyzing the average income, the qualitative conclusions are on the same direction. Racial gap narrows slightly –led by in-kind transfers- and does not disappear. |
| Keywords: | inequality, poverty, race, fiscal policy, direct transfers. |
| JEL: | I38 I32 D63 H22 H24 |
| Date: | 2014–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ude:wpaper:0214&r=ltv |
| By: | Ana Maria Takahashi (Graduate School of Economics, Kobe University) |
| Abstract: | We examine the role of income relative deprivation, hours worked for different tasks, and children in the job-related stress experienced by academics. Malesf job-related stress increases when their incomes are lower than that of their peersf, but females are not susceptible to such income comparisons. Job-related stress decreases with hours spent on research provided the hours are not excessive, but hours spent in teaching and on administrative tasks always increase job-related stress. The presence of young children increases job-related stress only for females, and children largely explain the observed gender differences in job-related stress. |
| Keywords: | job-related stress, relative deprivation |
| JEL: | J28 J81 |
| Date: | 2014–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:koe:wpaper:1424&r=ltv |