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on Law and Economics |
| By: | Arenas-Arroyo, Esther (Vienna University of Economics and Business) |
| Abstract: | Can lowering barriers to public services reduce domestic violence? Exploiting the introduction of a non-mandatory police reporting policy, I find that it significantly reduces domestic violence cases reported to the police while increasing hospital-reported cases of domestic assault. I further show that non-mandatory reporting laws reduce fatal domestic violence cases by facilitating the dissolution of abusive relationships and decreasing violence within intact couples. These findings highlight the importance of alternative support systems in addressing domestic violence. |
| Keywords: | domestic violence, intimate partner homicide, criminal justice |
| JEL: | J12 J78 H76 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17698 |
| By: | Amaya, Elard (University of Turin); Aparicio Fenoll, Ainoa (University of Turin); Mendolia, Silvia (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | Among Latin American countries, Peru has one of the highest crime rates, with 9 out of 10 Peruvians reporting feeling unsafe walking the streets at night. This rooted-in-reality feeling of insecurity may harm citizens' mental health. We study the consequences of the Peruvian Safe Neighborhood program, which increased police patrolling in selected neighborhoods, on the mental health of residents. We exploit the program's staggered implementation and use data from the Demographic and Health Survey to precisely geolocate the respondents' residencies. Our results show that enhanced crime prevention reduced the incidence of mental health problems by 6 percentage points. In particular, the program reduced depression, tiredness, concentration problems, suicide intentions, and sense of failure by 3–4 percentage points. The evidence suggests that improvements in mental health are driven by tangible changes in health-related behaviors. Following the implementation of Safe Neighborhood, there is an increase in healthcare utilization. |
| Keywords: | crime prevention, mental health |
| JEL: | K42 I15 I31 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17697 |
| By: | Glebovskiy, Alexander |
| Abstract: | The article explores the origin of corporate crime through the lens of spontaneous and constructed orders. From a macro perspective, corporate crime can be understood as an emergent phenomenon within a self-regulating market, driven by the interactions of self-interested individuals. From a micro perspective, it is often the result of deliberate actions by individuals within organizations, reflecting a constructed order. Recognizing this dual nature is essential for developing effective strategies to address corporate crime. |
| Date: | 2024–11–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:dx6nv_v1 |
| By: | Premkumar, Deepak (Public Policy Institute of California); Skelton, Andrew (American Bar Association); Lofstrom, Magnus (Public Policy Institute of California); Cremin, Sean (Public Policy Institute of California) |
| Abstract: | The efficacy and fairness of cash bail in promoting public safety has been a prominent policy question in recent years, but it is difficult to rigorously estimate the effects of bail, particularly at the state level, because of a lack of exogenous variation. California responded to the COVID pandemic by setting bail at zero dollars for many misdemeanors and felonies, increasing the number of people who were immediately released after being arrested. We separately estimate the impact of the implementation and revocation of these zero-bail orders on rearrests using a triple difference framework that relies on the staggered timing across counties and uses offenses that did not qualify for zero bail as a control group. The implementation of emergency bail orders significantly increased the likelihood and number of rearrests within 30 days of the initial arrest. The increase in rearrests was driven by felony offenses, but we find no evidence of an increase for violent felonies, a concern raised by some observers. For the counties that had an emergency bail order for at least a year, there was a statistically significant increase on rearrests initially, but the effect diminished over time. The average effect over the first year of implementation in these counties was not statistically significant. Notably, the rise in felony rearrests did not subside for these counties that extended an emergency order past 2020. Though the initiation of emergency bail orders led to increases in rearrests, lifting these orders had no significant effect on rearrests, regardless of offense type. |
| Keywords: | bail, pretrial, COVID-19, rearrest, felony, misdemeanor, crime, violent, incapacitation |
| JEL: | K42 K14 I18 D73 H70 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17710 |
| By: | Erica Bosio; Virginia Upegui Caro |
| Keywords: | Information and Communication Technologies-Information Technology Law and Development-Law and Justice Institutions |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:42514 |
| By: | Yedong Zhang; Hua Han |
| Abstract: | Against the macro-background of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" goals, eco-environment protection regulations are increasingly stricter. Facing high government regulatory risks and frequent environment lawsuits, corporate environmental compliance starts to play a vital role in healthy corporate operation. Law fulfillment routes constitute a critical part in corporate environmental compliance. Few academic scholars have conducted a profound analysis or discussion of legal accomplishment routes for corporate environmental compliances. As a matter of fact, legal routes for accomplishing corporate environmental compliance should be based proper theories concerning corporate environmental rights and obligations as well as dual layer nested governance structure (government environmental power and corporate environmental liabilities). Under the guidance of environmental jurisprudence, enterprises are responsible for setting up practical legal fulfillment routes for their environmental compliance-related rights and obligations. A diversified environmental governance layout composed of government regulation, enterprise self-discipline and social participation should be established. Within enterprises, effective legal routes should be developed for dealing with government regulatory risks and environment lawsuit risks at the same time. |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2502.13543 |
| By: | Battaglia, Emily (University of Delaware); Brown, Jessica H. (University of South Carolina) |
| Abstract: | Pregnancy accommodation laws require "reasonable accommodations" for pregnant workers, i.e., sitting down, lifting restrictions, and additional bathroom breaks. Although these laws may make it easier for women to remain employed during pregnancy, as a mandated benefit, they may also discourage employers from hiring employees who may become pregnant. We estimate the effect of pregnancy accommodation laws on labor market outcomes for women of childbearing age in order to determine whether these laws lead employers to discriminate against young women in hiring. Using a triple differences design comparing women's and men's labor market outcomes throughout the staggered roll-out of thirteen pregnancy accommodation laws from 2013 to 2016, we find no overall impact on female employment and wages. Under some specifications, we find women are more likely to choose occupations where physical abilities are important, suggesting possible increased accessibility. For subgroups more likely to be impacted - those with less education, in more physically-intense occupations, and married without children - we do find modest declines in earnings and employment. That the burden falls on both suggests women value the benefit but at less than it costs to provide. |
| Keywords: | pregnancy accommodations, mandated benefits |
| JEL: | K31 J32 I18 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17688 |