New Economics Papers
on Law and Economics
Issue of 2005‒04‒30
two papers chosen by
Jeong-Joon Lee, Towson University


  1. Exclusion of Suspected Terrorists from Asylum: Trends in International and European Refugee Law By Ben Saul
  2. Product market competition and economic performance in Iceland By Thomas Laubach; Michael Wise

  1. By: Ben Saul
    Abstract: Pressure to automatically exclude terrorists from asylum has increased since the late 1990s, including exclusion based on mere membership of terrorist organizations. Such pressure has emanated from the UN General Assembly, the Security Council, regional organizations, States and even UNHCR. Yet terrorism is not listed as a separate ground of exclusion in the 1951 Refugee Convention, and there is no internationally accepted definition of terrorist offences which could serve as a principled basis of exclusion. In the absence of an international definition, reference to terrorism in exclusion decisions endangers refugees. Exclusion must be based on an individual assessment of whether a person meets the criteria for exclusion in Article 1F of the 1951 Refugee Convention.
    Date: 2005–01–28
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iis:dispap:iiisdp026&r=law
  2. By: Thomas Laubach; Michael Wise
    Abstract: This paper discusses the current state of product market competition in Iceland, including the legal and regulatory framework, and suggests directions for further improvement. Given the size of the economy, efficiency considerations dictate high concentration in many markets, and preventing abuse of market dominance is therefore a challenging task. Changes to competition law since the early 1990s have strengthened competitive forces in many sectors of the economy, and proposed amendments to that law would further improve market surveillance. The changes in the regulatory framework for telecommunications have helped vigorous competition to develop in most segments, but there remain problems in pricing of access to the local loop. In the still publicly owned electricity sector, however, competition in generation and sales is so far virtually non existent despite new legislation. Other policies discussed include agricultural support, policies towards foreign direct investment, and public procurement and provision of publicly funded services. This Working Paper relates to the 2005 OECD Economic Survey of Iceland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/iceland). <p> Concurrence sur les marchés de produits et performance économique en Islande <p> Ce document de travail examine l’état actuel de la concurrence sur les marchés de produits en Islande, sous l’angle juridique et réglementaire notamment, et suggère un certain nombre d’améliorations possibles. Étant donné la taille de l’économie, des raisons d’efficience impose une forte concentration sur de nombreux marchés et il est donc d’autant plus indispensable d’éviter les abus de position dominante. Les modifications apportées au droit de la concurrence depuis le début des années 90 ont renforcé les forces concurrentielles dans de nombreux secteurs de l’économie et les amendements proposés permettraient d’améliorer encore la surveillance des marchés. S’agissant des télécommunications, l’évolution du cadre réglementaire a permis le développement d’une concurrence intense dans la plupart des segments du marché, mais des problèmes subsistent en ce qui concerne la tarification de l’accès à la boucle locale. En revanche, dans le secteur de l’électricité qui est encore entre les mains de l’État, la concurrence est pratiquement inexistante jusqu’ici au niveau de la production et de la commercialisation, en dépit des nouvelles dispositions législatives. Les politiques concernant le soutien à l’agriculture, l’investissement direct étranger, les marchés publics et les services publics sont également examinées. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l'Etude économique de l'OCDE de l'Islande, 2005 (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/islande).
    Keywords: Productivity; product market competition; competition law; regulatory reform; network industries; public procurement; Iceland
    JEL: H57 K21 K23 L1 L4 L5 L94 L96
    Date: 2005–04–15
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oed:oecdec:426&r=law

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