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on Central and South America |
| By: | Ciaschi, Matías; Marchionni, Mariana; Neidhöfer, Guido |
| Abstract: | We assess intergenerational mobility in terms of education and income rank in five Latin American countries - Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, and Panama - by accounting for the education and occupation of both parents. Based on the Lubotsky and Wittenberg (2006) approach, we find that intergenerational persistence estimates increase by 26% to 50% when parents' occupations are considered alongside their education to proxy family socioeconomic background. The increase is particularly strong when education is more evenly distributed in the parents' generation. Furthermore, we assess how the informativeness of each proxy for parental background evolves across countries and over time, and find that maternal characteristics have become increasingly informative in recent decades, in line with rising women's educational attainment and labor force participation. Interesting heterogeneities across countries and cohorts are observed. |
| Keywords: | Intergenerational Mobility, Education, Occupation, Mothers, Latin America |
| JEL: | D63 J62 O15 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:327110 |
| By: | Orazio Attanasio (Yale University, FAIR @NHH, NBER); Ricardo Paes de Barros (Insper); Pedro Carneiro (University College London, IFS, CEMMAP); David K. Evans (Center for Global Development); Lycia Lima (São Paulo School of Economics, Fundação Getulio Vargas); Pedro Olinto (World Bank); Norbert Schady (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the impact of publicly provided daycare for children aged 0-3 on outcomes of children and their caregivers over the course of seven years after initial daycare enrollment. At the end of 2007, the city of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil used a lottery to assign children to limited public daycare openings. Winning the lottery translated to a 32 percent increase in total time in daycare during a child’s first four years of life. This allowed caregivers more time to work, resulting in higher incomes for beneficiary households in the first year of daycare attendance and 4 years later (but not after 7 years, by which time all children were eligible for universal schooling). The rise in labor force participation is driven primarily by grandparents and by adolescent siblings residing in the same household as (and possibly caring for) the child, and not by parents, most of whom were already working. Beneficiary children saw sustained gains in height-for-age and weight-for-age, which are likely to have resulted from the better nutrition they received in the center rather than the increase in resources at home. They also saw shorter-term gains in cognitive development, which in contrast to the impacts on nutrition, likely resulted from the short-term gains in home resources. |
| Keywords: | early child development, childcare, Brazil |
| JEL: | I21 I28 J22 O15 |
| Date: | 2025–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:728 |
| By: | Tomás Baioni (UNLP) |
| Abstract: | One of the salient aspects of climate change is the increment of both the intensity and frequency of natural disasters. This paper addresses how these factors interplay at a local level, focusing on Chilean regions at a quarterly basis for the period 2009–2025. To analyze intensity, I rely on the local projections method and find that on average, a 1% shock in natural disasters’ intensity has an immediate negative effect in employment by 0.057%, and an immediate negative effect on the debt market, increasing the household debt by 0.123 p.p. Overall, my results suggest that a 1% shock in natural disasters’ intensity has an immediate positive effect in real GDP by 0.015%, and a significant long-term negative effect on GDP by 0.054%, potentially showing signs of hysteresis. On the other hand, to analyze natural disasters’ frequency, I rely on a local projections difference-in-differences (LP-DID) estimator and find that those Chilean regions that suffer a natural disaster are more likely to experience short-term decreases in employment and GDP by 0.005% and 0.003%, respectively. I rely on a panel VAR model to estimate the impact of natural disasters’ intensity as robustness checks, and find that my original conclusions hold: natural disasters have a short-term negative effect on employment at 0.005% and a long-term negative effect on growth at 0.170%. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, natural disasters, environmental risks, emerging markets, local projections |
| JEL: | C33 H70 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aoz:wpaper:373 |