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on Central and South America |
| By: | Maria Iocco Barias |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susphd:0224 |
| By: | Carlos G\'oes; Otavio Concei\c{c}\~ao; Gabriel Lara Ibarra; Gladys Lopez-Acevedo |
| Abstract: | What is the environmental impact of exports? Focusing on 2000-20, this paper combines customs, administrative, and census microdata to estimate employment elasticities with respect to exports. The findings show that municipalities that faced increased exports experienced faster growth in formal employment. The elasticities were 0.25 on impact, peaked at 0.4, and remained positive and significant even 10 years after the shock, pointing to a long and protracted labor market adjustment. In the long run, informal employment responds negatively to export shocks. Using a granular taxonomy for economic activities based on their environmental impact, the paper documents that environmentally risky activities have a larger share of employment than environmentally sustainable ones, and that the relationship between these activities and exports is nuanced. Over the short run, environmentally risky employment responds more strongly to exports relative to environmentally sustainable employment. However, over the long run, this pattern reverses, as the impact of exports on environmentally sustainable employment is more persistent. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2508.03855 |
| By: | Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo (Banco de la República de Colombia); Bracco, Jessica (CEDLAS-UNLP); Ham Gonzalez, Andres (Department of Economics, Universidad de los Andes); Peñaloza-Pacheco, Leonardo (Cornell University) |
| Abstract: | We study how drug-related violence affects emigration from Central America, a region with rapidly rising migration to the United States. Using multiple data sources, we apply an instrumental variables strategy based on proximity to drug-trafficking routes and coca production in Colombia. We find that violence significantly increases intentions, plans, and preparations to emigrate—especially to the U.S.—with stronger effects among young and high-skilled individuals. Mediation analysis suggests this response is driven by declining economic activity and, more importantly, deteriorating labor market conditions caused by escalating violence. |
| Keywords: | drug trafficking, violence, economic activity, labor markets, migration |
| JEL: | J61 O15 N96 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18028 |