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on Central and South America |
| By: | Carolina Vicario (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración. Instituto de Economía) |
| Abstract: | This article presents an analysis of the level, composition, and distribution of wealth in Montevideo during 1830 and 1860. The study employed probate records from the period in question (n=116) and three population registers of 1836, 1843, and 1858 as its primary sources of data. The combination of these two data sets allowed for a representative analysis of a substantial proportion of the population. The period is distinguished by notable institutional instability, a regional war, and the process of state formation in Latin America. The main findings of this study are: there was a notable decline in wealth levels during the Guerra Grande (the Great War); inequality increased towards the end of the period; and the asset portfolios of Montevideo’s wealthiest individuals diversified in 1858. This study contributes to the existing literature on premodern wealth inequality in Latin America and long-term inequality research. |
| Keywords: | Pre-industrial inequality, Wealth distribution, Latin America, 19th Century |
| JEL: | N36 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulr:wpaper:dt-18-24 |
| By: | Sehnbruch, Kirsten; Prieto Suarez, Joaquin; Vidal, Diego |
| Abstract: | This paper studies whether workers become “stuck” in poor-quality employment, or whether poor-quality employment can serve as a “stepping stone” towards better job opportunities in the Chilean labor market. It does this from a multidimensional and longitudinal perspective, taking into account the intensity of the deprivation that workers face. In particular, it examines how workers move between good and bad jobs, and between these jobs, unemployment and inactivity and also discusses the respective determinants of these changes. The results of this analysis show that the deprivation levels among women in the labour market are persistently higher those of men, and that workers do indeed become stuck in bad jobs. Thus, the paper presents a methodology for measuring chronic deprivation in the labor market, an issue on which neither the literature on job quality nor the literature on poor-quality employment (or bad jobs) has focused. It concludes by discussing the policy implications of this research. |
| Keywords: | labor markets; longitudinal data; cumulative employment deprivations; Alkire/Foster methods; multi-dimensional index; Chile; Latin America |
| JEL: | J01 J40 J60 J63 J68 |
| Date: | 2025–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128576 |
| By: | Miranda Montero, Juan Jose; Contreras, Cesar |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the impact of higher temperatures on learning outcomes in Peru. The results suggest that 1 degree above 20°C is equivalent to 7 and 6 percent of a standard deviation of what a student learns in a year for math and reading tests, respectively. These results hold true when the main specification is changed, splitting the sample, collapsing the data at school level, and using other climate specifications. The paper aims to improve understanding of how to deal with the impacts of climate change on learning outcomes in developing countries. The evidence suggests that conditional cash transfer programs can mitigate the negative effects of higher temperatures on students’ learning outcomes in math and reading. |
| Date: | 2025–07–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11171 |
| By: | Ignacio Cabrera Bonino (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración. Instituto de Economía); Paula Carrasco (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración. Instituto de Economía) |
| Abstract: | In recent years (2018-2023), the labor market in Uruguay has undergone significant changes. During the same period, there were relevant methodological changes in the main source of information used for labor market analysis. This poses challenges for analysis from a medium- and long-term perspective, which are discussed in this document. |
| Keywords: | Labor market, Methodological changes |
| JEL: | J01 J08 J3 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulr:wpaper:dt-15-24 |
| By: | Nogueira, Lauro; Rebouças de Souza, Nathanael Andray; Rodrigues, Fábio Lúcio; Gomes de Souza, Helson |
| Abstract: | This study investigated the impacts of water scarcity and/or periods of extreme drought on homicide rates in Brazilian municipalities, particularly rural ones. Using a survey of 769, 774 data points that combined climate information, socioeconomic data of victims, homicide rates, and municipal socioeconomic variables as controls, between 2002 and 2020. The study also outlined a profile of homicide victims in rural municipalities for a deeper understanding of the issue. The results show that water scarcity and/or periods of extreme drought increase firearm homicide rates in rural municipalities of Brazil, with higher homicide rates in the region leading to greater observed effects. In summary, there are indications of a phenomenon of crime interiorization, especially in predominantly rural municipalities. |
| Keywords: | Violence in Rural Areas. Homicide Rates. Crime Interiorization. Rural Municipalities. |
| JEL: | I3 J1 R1 |
| Date: | 2025–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125310 |