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on Central and South America |
| By: | Hong, Sungwoo (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | Despite Latin America’s potential as a trading partner, Korea’s exports to Latin America have continuously decreased over the past 10 years, while imports from Latin America have been increasing. The fact that Korea’s exports to these countries have decreased since the conclusion of FTAs with Chile, Peru, and Colombia suggests that it is time to identify the cause of Korea’s decline in exports to Latin America and seek opportunities to expand exports. One reason for the decline in Korea’s exports to Latin America is the decline in Korean companies' investment in Latin America. The correlation coefficient between Korea’s investment in Latin America and exports is quite high, indicating that the decline in investment since the mid-2010s has had a direct impact on the decline in exports to Latin America. As a short-term trade policy goal to consider, I propose establishing and activating a channel for cooperation between Korea and Latin America. It is possible to establish new dialogue channels and revive existing ones, centered on countries where consultative bodies such as the Resources Cooperation Committee, Senior Policy Council, and Joint Economic Committee have already been established, making this a more cost-effective approach compared to other initiatives. (the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | Korea; trade; policy; Latin America: future |
| Date: | 2025–02–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:2025_007 |
| By: | Martínez, Claudia; Smith, Raimundo; Perticará, Marcela |
| Abstract: | This study employs an event study methodology to analyze the overall impact of childbirth, as well as the birth of a child with a disability, on the labor market outcomes of mothers and fathers. We use an annual panel of Chilean labor outcomes based on administrative data from pension and unemployment insurance, as well as data from the National Disability Registry in Chile. The findings reveal a significant gender gap associated with childbirth, which more than doubles in the presence of childhood disability: four years after childbirth, the gender gap in employment increases from 15% to 36% when the child has a disability. Specifically, childhood disability leads to parental specialization, creating an intra-gender gap. Mothers of children with disabilities experience poorer labor market outcomes than mothers of children without disabilities; four years after childbirth, these mothers are 15% less likely to be employed than other mothers. Conversely, fathers of children with disabilities tend to have higher labor market engagement than fathers of children without disabilities. These findings underscore the importance of caregiving policies, both in general and specifically for families of children with disabilities. |
| JEL: | I14 J13 J16 J22 J31 J71 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:13993 |
| By: | Tovar Jalles, JoaÞo; Pessino, Carola; Calderón, Ana Cristina |
| Abstract: | Widening income disparities, higher corruption and larger informality in many emerging market and developing economies (EMDE) including Latin America, all with pressing and mounting fiscal problems, have rekindled interest in the empirical analysis of the key factors determining the occurrence of fiscal consolidations. Using discrete choice models, this paper examines the drivers of fiscal consolidation episodes in a sample of 148 EMDE between 1980 and 2019 with a focus on Latin America. Consolidations are more likely during good economic times. Inequality does not seem to drive consolidations in Latin America, while more informality increases the probability of their occurrence, corruption decreases it. In turn, when examining the drivers of successful consolidations, larger income inequality seems to act as a boost for successful consolidations, while informality hinders the likelihood of success. In fact, while the size of the public investment multiplier in Latin America is larger than in other country groups, when informality is high the multiplier effect gets reduced to a much lower and insignificant magnitude. Results are robust to several sensitivity and robustness tests. |
| Keywords: | fiscal adjustments;filtering;Panel Data;binary choice models;local projection;fiscalmultipliers;nonlinearities;corruption;shadow economy |
| JEL: | C23 E21 E62 H50 H62 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14020 |
| By: | Carneiro, Pedro; Cruz-Aguayo, Yyannu; Salvati, Francesca; Schady, Norbert |
| Abstract: | We study how poorly-behaved children affect learning and other outcomes of their peers using data from a unique experiment in Ecuador. Within each school, students were randomly assigned to classrooms in every grade for seven consecutive grades, between kindergarten and 6th grade. Children with persistent behavioral problems lower the math and language achievement of their classmates. The more poorly-behaved children there are in a class, the larger is the negative effect on the achievement of their classmates. These negative impacts are larger for younger children, and they persist for at least two years after exposure to a poorly-behaved peer. We find indirect evidence that children with persistent behavioral difficulties are passed around schools. |
| Keywords: | Peer effects;behavioral problems |
| JEL: | I24 I25 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14022 |
| By: | Banerjee, Sanchayan; Ferreira, Alipio |
| Abstract: | Virtual Reality (VR) enables immersive experiences that can enhance awareness about environmental problems. We measure the effectiveness of VR versus 2D in an environmental campaign using a field experiment in Brazil. 617 passers-by at a mall were randomly assigned to watch a video clip about the Amazon Forest through VR or a traditional 2D device, with some being randomly interviewed before watching the movie (control group). We find that both the 2D and VR interventions increase individuals’ propensity to (i) contribute to an Amazonian humanitarian campaign, (ii) share contact information, (iii) interact with a conservation campaign, and (iv) state pro-conservation opinions. We find no additional impact of VR compared to 2D, but VR participants were more likely to engage with pro-conservation content online 3 months later. Our findings provide cautionary evidence about the additional potential of using immersive technologies, like VR, to improve conservation behaviors compared to 2D methods. |
| Keywords: | Virtual Reality, Behavior, Environment |
| JEL: | Q01 Q5 |
| Date: | 2024–06–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124149 |