New Economics Papers
on Central and South America
Issue of 2007‒12‒15
ten papers chosen by
  1. A RESTRIÇÃO EXTERNA AO CRESCIMENTO NA ARGENTINA: EVIDÊNCIAS PARA O PERÍODO 1962-2006 By Eva Yamila da Silva Catela; Sandra Milena Toso Castro Acosta
  2. CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO E LIQUIDEZ EXTERNA NO BRASIL APÓS 1970 By Fabrício de Assis C. Vieira; Márcio Holland
  3. EXAME DA COMPETITIVIDADE INDUSTRIAL ATRAVÉS DO CONTEÚDO TECNOLÓGICO DO COMÉRCIO INTERNACIONAL BRASILEIRO By Wellington Pereira; João Furtado; Gabriel Porcile
  4. Complementación productiva en la industria automotriz en el MERCOSUR. El caso uruguayo By Gustavo Bittencourt; Rosario Domingo; Nicolás Reig
  5. Felicidad y salud: una aproximación al bienestar en el Río de la Plata By Mariana Gerstenblüth; Máximo Rossi; Patricia Triunfo
  6. Work history and the access to contributory pensions. The case of Uruguay. By Marisa Bucheli; Alvaro Forteza; Ianina Rossi
  7. La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en Uruguay. La visión desde las empresas By Zuleika Ferre; Natalia Melgar; Héctor Pastori; Giorgina Piani; Máximo Rossi
  8. Informality: Sectoral Selection and Earnings in Uruguay By Marisa Bucheli; Rodrigo Ceni
  9. Estimating heterogeneous costs of participation in the risky asset markets By Graciela Sanromán
  10. La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en Uruguay. Una visión comparada desde la ciudadanía y desde las empresas. By Zuleika Ferre; Natalia Melgar; Héctor Pastori; Giorgina Piani; Máximo Rossi
  1. By: Eva Yamila da Silva Catela; Sandra Milena Toso Castro Acosta
    Date: 2007
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2007:014&r=lam
  2. By: Fabrício de Assis C. Vieira; Márcio Holland
    Date: 2007
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2007:015&r=lam
  3. By: Wellington Pereira; João Furtado; Gabriel Porcile
    Date: 2007
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2007:084&r=lam
  4. By: Gustavo Bittencourt (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Rosario Domingo (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Nicolás Reig (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República)
    Abstract: Three periods could be found in the development of automobile industry in Uruguay since the seventieth: the first with the production oriented to the local market as result of import substitution policies; the second (since the nineties and regional integration) where automobile production was exported to the region and automobile importations supplied the local market; and the third, since the crisis, when production fell dramatically and a new stage appears where new alliances and activities emerge. This paper analyzes different issues about automobile industry in Uruguay. It outlines that the future of this industry has a great grade of incertitude that is associated with the regulations that will be adopted in the framework of MERCOSUR agreement and with the bilateral agreements that Uruguay could sign with its neighbors in the period previous to the common automobile policy. This common policy must go forward an intra-zone free trade and common rules with third countries. In this context, it is important the stability of agreements and rules that support credibility and investment processes which allow significant increases in productive capacity.
    Keywords: automobile industry; regional integration, enterprise strategy
    JEL: L62
    Date: 2007–10
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ude:wpaper:1407&r=lam
  5. By: Mariana Gerstenblüth (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Máximo Rossi (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Patricia Triunfo (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República)
    Abstract: In this study we analyze data on happiness to find out the relationship between this issue and others aspects of life, based on the Latinobarometro 2004 for Argentina and Uruguay. The focus is put on self-reported health status as a key aspect in increasing happiness levels, although we also analyze the relationship between happiness and income, age, gender, education, employment status and religiosity. Then, the probabilty of being happy is econometrically estimated by probit models for each country and the region. Results show that the main relationship is between happiness and health status. Whether this is a causal effect or only a correlation, is not clear. This issue is explored by using propensity score matching methods, finding that reporting a good health status increases the probability of being satisfied with life by 31 and 46 percentage points in Uruguay, 15 and 27 percentage points in Argentina; and between 17 and 27 percentage points for the pool data. According to previous literature, we find that the relationship between age and happiness is U-shaped, with happiness being lowest in the age of 52.
    Keywords: happiness, health, propensity score methods
    JEL: D60 I31 I12
    Date: 2007–10
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ude:wpaper:1507&r=lam
  6. By: Marisa Bucheli (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Alvaro Forteza (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Ianina Rossi (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República)
    Abstract: Incomplete and highly fragmented work histories threaten to leave many contributors of the pension schemes in Latin America without the minimum pension guarantee or even without access to the ordinary pension. We propose a methodology to assess this risk, identify vulnerable groups and study potential determinants of the history of contributions using information from the work history records of the social security institutions. We apply this methodology to the largest social security institution of Uruguay, the Banco de Previsión Social, and show that the majority of contributors to this institution might not comply with the minimum number of years of contribution that is currently required to access an ordinary pension when they reach the retirement age.
    Keywords: density of contributions, work history
    JEL: H55 J14 J26
    Date: 2007–10
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ude:wpaper:1607&r=lam
  7. By: Zuleika Ferre (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Natalia Melgar (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Héctor Pastori (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Giorgina Piani (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Máximo Rossi (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República)
    Abstract: This paper deals with the results of the Survey of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR_II) carried out by the Department of Economics (FCS-UDELAR) to private companies in the industry,commerce and services during the second quarter of 2007. We took into account Montevideo as well as the metropolitan area. The survey is part of a Project on Corporate Social Responsibility funded by the Sectoral Commission for Scientific Research (CSIC) and the Christian Association of Business Managers (ACDE). The main objective of this survey was to obtain objective and reliable information on the activities of corporate social responsibility conducted by the Uruguayan companies. Therefore, we included questions about the relationship of companies with their employees, customers, competitors, shareholders, community, state and the environment. Moreover, some questions allowed us to shed light about the images, views and the role of Uruguayan enterprises regarding to the activities of corporate social responsibility in Uruguay.
    Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, ethic
    JEL: L14 L15 M14
    Date: 2007–07
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ude:wpaper:1907&r=lam
  8. By: Marisa Bucheli (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Rodrigo Ceni (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República)
    Abstract: In this paper we define informal workers as those who are not contributing to the social security system. We analyse the likelihood of being informal and we estimate the differentials in earnings between sectors using both the OLS estimation and a switching regression model. We assess the premium for being formal by predicting five different proxies of the average gap. We use the crosssection data reported in a 2005 household survey. We find that formality is more likely among the better-educated, women, people residing in the capital city, heads of households and full-time workers. In addition, we find that according to the five measures of the gap, earnings are higher in the formal than in the informal sector.
    Keywords: informal sector, wage differential
    JEL: J31
    Date: 2007–11
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ude:wpaper:2007&r=lam
  9. By: Graciela Sanromán (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República; CEMFI)
    Abstract: This paper develops and estimates a dynamic structural model of participation in the risky financial asset markets using household level panel data. We specify a simple economic model in order to capture the portfolio choice over the life cycle. We solve the model using numerical techniques. Then we embed the optimal solution into the statistical (auxiliary) model and estimate the structural parameters using Generalized Indirect Inference. This paper focuses on the estimation of the non proportional costs to participate in the risky asset markets. We consider heterogeneous costs among education groups. We find that participation costs in the risky asset markets are positive and significant. We also conclude that they vary a lot among education groups.
    Keywords: Portfolio choice, dynamic programming, indirect inference
    JEL: C15 C61 D14 D91 G11
    Date: 2007–06
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ude:wpaper:2107&r=lam
  10. By: Zuleika Ferre (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Natalia Melgar (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Héctor Pastori (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Giorgina Piani (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República); Máximo Rossi (Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República)
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present, in a comparative view, the results of the Survey: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which was carried out by the Department of Economics (FCS-UDELAR) in 2006 to respondents older than 17 years and to private companies in the industry, commerce and services during the second quarter of 2007. The main purposes of both surveys were to know the level of information and awareness regarding the issue of CSR, as well as images, attitudes and views of respondents when they answered and the actions taken by companies regarding CSR. Comparing both points of view (public opinion and companies), we find that there is a certain balance between those actions and the public opinion valuation about the most important areas.
    Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Public opinion, Ethics
    JEL: D11 L14 L15 M14
    Date: 2007–11
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ude:wpaper:2207&r=lam
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