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on Labour Economics |
| By: | Nagler P. (UNU-MERIT) |
| Abstract: | The introduction of unemployment insurance savings accounts UISA in Chile in October 2002 led to more comprehensive unemployment protection while decreasing the opportunity cost of job change. Using a difference-in-differences approach this paper examines whether the introduction of UISA had an impact on the dierences in subsequent wages and contract types of i workers changing into a new employment, and ii workers experiencing a period of unemployment before re-entering the labour market. The analysis uses longitudinal social protection data and is the first to empirically investigate the effect of UISA on subsequent employment quality. The findings suggest that the introduction of the UISA scheme had a small negative effect on the wage difference of formal private sector workers, but no effect on contract types. Using informal private sector workers as a control group, only workers of the treatment group experiencing a period of unemployment show statistically different and positive results in wage growth. The robustness analysis, using an alternative as if introductory date and a different control group, largely supports these findings. The paper therefore concludes that the effect of UISA affiliation on wage growth is slightly negative, but positive compared to a control group for workers experiencing a period of unemployment, leading to a marginally higher employment quality for this latter group. |
| Keywords: | Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models; Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search; Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings; Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Public Policy; Economywide Country Studies: Latin America; Caribbean; |
| JEL: | C21 C31 E24 J64 J65 J68 O54 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2015026&r=all |
| By: | Hillmann, Katja; Hohenleitner, Ingrid |
| Abstract: | Similar to numerous other European countries, Germany's unemployment policy went through a paradigm shift in 2005, towards activation policy by tightening their monitoring and sanction regime. With our study, we aim to provide causal evidence for whether an intended positive effect of benefit sanctions on employment entry of welfare recipients has been bought at the expense of an unintended enhanced incentive to leave the labor market. Using a mixed proportional hazard model, we draw causal inference of sanction enforcements on unemployment exit hazards. Based on a novel survey sample covering the first three years after the 'Hartz IV' law came into effect, we provide evidence for a positive impact of sanctions on employment as well as on exit from labor force. |
| Keywords: | unemployment benefit sanctions,unemployed welfare recipients,unemployment duration,transition into employment,transition into non-employment,exit from labor force,mixed proportional hazard estimation |
| JEL: | J48 J63 J64 J68 I38 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hwwirp:168&r=all |
| By: | Fisher, Hayley |
| Abstract: | International evidence suggests that child support schemes provide a small but significant contribution to the household income of lone parents and have modest success in reducing child poverty. There are, however, concerns that receiving child support may discourage labour force participation. I use data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey to estimate the effect of receiving child support on government transfer receipt, earned income, hours worked and labour force participation of eligible mothers. OLS estimates of the effect of receiving child support on household behaviour may be biased as a mother's income partly determines the level of support received, and due to the interaction of child support with government transfers. I exploit information about the employment status of a child's non-resident father and find that receiving any child support is associated with a reduction in government transfers, an increase in earned income, and an increase in household income in excess of the amount of child support received. Mothers receiving child support are more likely to be in full time employment, work more hours per week, and are less likely to be out of the labour force. |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:syd:wpaper:2015-20&r=all |
| By: | Tito Boeri; Pierre Cahuc; André Zylberberg |
| Abstract: | This survey highlights the key results of the empirical literature concerning the costs of flexibility enhancing reforms in product and labour markets. The documented costs include reduced employment, loss of government revenue, undesirable distributional consequences and political instability. The literature suggests that: i) once implemented, product and labour market reforms affect prices and quantities quite rapidly; ii) there are no major differences between the overall effects in the short and long run; iii) the costs of reforms are very much related to interactions with other policies and institutions; and iv) the costs of reforms change over the business cycle.<P>Les Coûts des Réformes de Flexibilité : Revue de Littérature<BR>Cette revue de la littérature met en relief les principaux résultats empiriques sur les coûts des réformes qui améliorent la flexibilité des marchés du travail et des biens. Ces coûts se comptabilisent en termes de pertes d’emplois et de revenus fiscaux, mais tiennent aussi compte d’éventuels effets redistributifs et de l’instabilité politique. Cette revue de la littérature montre que : i) les réformes des marchés du travail et des biens agissent rapidement sur les prix et les quantités dès qu’elles sont mises en oeuvre ; ii) il n’y a pas de différences majeures dans la nature des effets de long-terme et de court-terme ; iii) les coûts des réformes dépendent fortement des interactions existantes entre les diverses politiques publiques et institutions façonnant les marchés, et iv) : les coûts des réformes ne sont pas les mêmes selon les phases du cycle des affaires. |
| Keywords: | flexibility, structural reforms, long run, long terme, flexibilité, réforme structurelle |
| JEL: | J3 J5 J6 |
| Date: | 2015–10–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1264-en&r=all |
| By: | Azmat, Ghazala; Ferrer, Rosa |
| Abstract: | This paper documents and studies the gender gap in performance among associate lawyers in the United States. Unlike other high-skilled professions, the legal profession assesses performance using transparent measures that are widely used and comparable across firms: the number of hours billed to clients and the amount of new client revenue generated. We find clear evidence of a gender gap in annual performance with respect to both measures. Male lawyers bill ten percent more hours and bring in more than twice the new client revenue than do female lawyers. We demonstrate that the differential impact across genders in the presence of young children and differences in aspirations to become a law firm partner account for a large share of the difference in performance. We also show that accounting for performance has important consequences for gender gaps in lawyers’ earnings and subsequent promotion. Whereas individual and firm characteristics explain up to 50 percent of the earnings gap, the inclusion of performance measures explains a substantial share of the remainder. Performance measures also explain a sizeable share of the gender gap in promotion. |
| Keywords: | gender gaps; high-skilled professionals; performance measures |
| JEL: | J16 J44 K40 M52 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:10867&r=all |
| By: | Lucia Mýtna Kureková |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the implementation of mainstream employment policies in Slovakia with respect to Roma. It highlights positive and negative practices in application, revealing diversity in on-the-ground implementation of different measures as well as institutional deficiencies in the provision of public employment services. By gathering experiences from the stakeholders involved in the implementation, as well as from Roma participants, the paper differs from top-down approaches to analysing employment policies prevailing to date and unveils the experiences, perceptions and practices of Roma themselves. It finds that the employment options available through the mainstream employment framework represent an important opportunity for many Roma in the deprived localities, especially under the economic deprivation aggravated by the recent economic crisis. Efforts should concentrate on up-scaling and targeting the mainstream framework, on fighting institutional discrimination, and on enhanced investment in education and training. |
| Keywords: | employment policies, public employment services, Roma, social inclusion, Slovakia |
| JEL: | D04 I3 J68 |
| Date: | 2015–10–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cel:dpaper:34&r=all |
| By: | d'Albis, Hippolyte; Moosa, Dalal |
| Abstract: | This article provides a comprehensive picture of the National Transfer Accounts (NTA), a project that aims at measuring how people produce, consume, save, and share economic resources at every age. It stands today with a unique dataset that includes 47 countries from around the world, permitting a comparative understanding of economic flows within and between generations and over time. |
| Keywords: | Generational Economy, National Accounts |
| JEL: | C8 D10 D91 J1 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:67209&r=all |