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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2023‒01‒09
eight papers chosen by Laura Nicola-Gavrila Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Kox, Henk L.M. |
| Abstract: | The paper models the links between public and firm-level knowledge processes. The knowledge-capital (KC) theory assumes that firms use their private knowledge assets to set up foreign subsidiaries. Countries with large outward FDI stocks should have a relative abundance of proprietary knowledge assets. This has not yet been adequately tested. Our model allows to test it by concentrating on national public knowledge inputs that are encapsulated in proprietary knowledge assets of firms. Using a rich international dataset we confirm the basic tenet of the KC theory and show the important role of public knowledge production for outward FDI. |
| Keywords: | Foreign Direct Investment,Knowledge Transfer and Innovation,Knowledge Assets,Public Knowledge Creation,Multinational Companies,Empirical test,world coverage 2000-2020), |
| JEL: | O34 O31 D22 D83 F23 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:266495&r=knm |
| By: | Ugo Rizzo; Valerio Sterzi (BSE - Bordeaux Sciences Economiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | In this article, we analyse the characteristics of science-industry patents with respect to noncollaborative industry patents and industry-industry collaborative patents. This analysis covers patents filed in the years 1978-2015 (and granted up to 2020) at the European Patent Office (EPO) in four large European countries (Germany, France, Italy and the UK) and in the US. We consider three dimensions to assess the characteristics of patents: the knowledge base, the technological impact, and the economic value. Science-industry collaborative patents are averagely more sophisticated and similar or higher impact than other industry patents. However, depending on the proxy chosen, they are of similar or lower economic value compared to non-collaborative industry patents and to industry-industry collaborative patents. When we control for the experience of private companies in collaborating with academic institutions, we observe that more experienced collaborations produce slightly less sophisticated and impactful patents, but with higher economic value. We discuss different explanations of these findings. |
| Abstract: | Dans cet article, nous analysons les caractéristiques des brevets collaboratifs science industrie par rapport aux brevets industriels non collaboratifs et aux brevets collaboratifs industrie‐industrie. Cette analyse porte sur les brevets déposés au cours des années 1978‐2015 (et accordés jusqu'en 2020) à lʹOffice européen des brevets (OEB) dans quatre grands pays européens (Allemagne, France, Italie et Royaume‐Uni) et aux États‐Unis. Nous considérons trois dimensions pour évaluer les caractéristiques des brevets : la base de connaissances, l'impact technologique et la valeur économique. Les brevets de collaboration science‐industrie sont en moyenne plus sophistiqués et ont un impact similaire ou supérieur aux autres brevets industriels. Cependant, selon l'indicateur choisi, leur valeur économique est similaire ou inférieure à celle des brevets industriels non collaboratifs et des brevets collaboratifs industrie‐industrie. Lorsque nous contrôlons l'expérience des entreprises privées en matière de collaboration avec les institutions académiques, nous observons que les collaborations plus expérimentées produisent des brevets légèrement moins sophistiqués et moins impactant, mais avec une valeur économique plus élevée. Nous discutons les différentes explications de ces résultats. |
| Keywords: | University patent, Patent value, Patent collaboration, Science- Industry |
| Date: | 2022–12–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03896633&r=knm |
| By: | Kang, Byeongwoo; Bekkers, Rudi |
| Abstract: | Historical accounts describe numerous cases of parallel invention. Nowadays, with over half a million inventions yearly that apply for patent protection at the USPTO alone, it is likely that there are a lot of parallel inventions among these. Yet, the mechanisms behind creating similar knowledge remain unstudied. From both a theoretical and practical perspective, it is an interesting question to what degree parallel inventions take place truly independent of each other, or whether they are the result of the exchange of knowledge and ideas between inventors. In our empirical study, we use the unique setting of technical standardization, where it is possible to systematically observe knowledge sharing as well as knowledge exchanges between inventors in detail. This study presents two novel analyses, one focussing on the determinants of similar inventions (using an AI-based approach) and one on the determinants of identical inventions (exploiting data from the patent granting procedure). In both analyses, we find positive and significant effects for knowledge sharing as well as for inventor interaction as determinants. The latter effect is the strongest: if meet in person and discuss their ideas, the likelihood of similar inventions increases up to a factor of approximately five, to up to 2.3 percentage points. Empirically confirming the theoretical work of Amabile (1983, 1988) on knowledge creation at the individual level and that of Nonaka (1994, 2006) on knowledge creation at the organizational level, we reflect on the implications of our findings for companies wishing to increase their inventive efforts. |
| Keywords: | Creativity, Idea twin, Knowledge creation, Patent similarity, Similar knowledge |
| JEL: | O31 D82 |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:iirwps:22-06&r=knm |
| By: | Eloi Bigas (Siris Academic); Nicandro Bovenzi (Siris Academic); Enric Fuster (Siris Academic); Francesco A. Massucci (Siris Academic); Hugo Hollanders (Maastricht University); Monika Matusiak (European Commission - JRC); Ramojus Reimeris (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Armenia, Azerbaijan, , Georgia,the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine have committed to develop place-based Smart Specialisation Strategies for research and innovation with the objective of enhancing their competitiveness and drive structural change of the economies. The purpose of this study is to contribute to evidence-informed research and innovation policy, in particular the development of Smart Specialisation Strategies. The study presents a solid basis for these processes in the Eastern Partnership region by offering an extensive quantitative analysis of national-level potential in the economy, innovation, science and technology. A limited number of economic and innovation (E&I) specialisation domains matched with relevant scientific and technological (S&T) specialisation domains are identified for each Eastern Partnership country. The study proposes a new method to identify concordances between the EI and ST specialisation domains so that they can be used to inform ongoing Smart Specialisation processes in the Eastern Partnership countries with available international data. Interested countries need to compliment this analysis with the relevant national data sources and other useful information resulting from the qualitative expert inputs and stakeholder engagement. The report also indicates the evidence-informed areas for knowledge-based economic cooperation to support bilateral and region-wide initiatives. |
| Keywords: | Smart Specialisation, innovation policy, quantitative analysis, mapping, EU Eastern Partnership |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc128524&r=knm |
| By: | Filippo Marchesani; Francesca Masciarelli |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the role of local knowledge spillover and human capital as a driver of crowdfunding investment. The role of territory has already been studied in terms of campaign success, but the impact of territory on the use of financial sources like equity crowdfunding is not yet known. Using a sample of 435 equity crowdfunding campaigns in 20 Italian regions during a 4-year period (from 2016 to 2019), this paper evaluates the impact of human capital flow on the adoption of crowdfunding campaigns. Our results show that inbound knowledge in the region, measured in terms of ability to attract national and international students, has a significant effect on the adoption of crowdfunding campaigns in the region itself. |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2211.16984&r=knm |
| By: | Susitha, Emmanuel |
| Abstract: | Compared with other manufacturing industries, apparel manufacturing can be classified as the most labor-intensive industry, which needs a man behind every machine. The use of advanced manufacturing technologies in the apparel shop floor is far behind compared to other industries. The researcher believes that one reason could be the lack of readiness of employees to adopt new technologies. This paper aims to provide empirical evidence on the influencing factors on employee readiness to adopt advanced manufacturing technology on the apparel shop floor, aiming for the Sri Lankan apparel industry. Following a critical review of literature, five factors, perceived usefulness, attitude, perceived ease of use, perceived management support, and techno-optimism, were tested with the data collected through a quantitative survey conducted among 118 employees using a questionnaire. The results revealed that all five factors correlate with employee readiness in various degrees. Findings suggest that apparel organisations may need to improve employee readiness before adopting advanced technologies on the shop floor to bring more success in technology adoption. The literature addressing technology adoption in apparel shop floor is scarce, and this study contributes to that gap. Further research is recommended to contribute to knowledge and find solutions to enhance technological capabilities to bring a competitive advantage to the apparel industry. |
| Date: | 2021–11–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:puv7z&r=knm |
| By: | Carlo Bottai; Martina Iori |
| Abstract: | Cities are key places of economic activity, as they produce an enormous amount of wealth compared to the land they cover. Their study is, therefore, of primary importance in understanding the success of nations. Given the many interactions among people that happen within them, cities are well described as complex evolving systems, and a thorough analysis of their economy should be able to deal with this complexity. A likely candidate to grasp the reality of complex evolving systems, such the economy of cities, is the Economic Complexity framework (Hidalgo and Hausmann, 2009), given its capacity to synthesize a large amount of informa- tion into a single index. We use patent data to compute the knowledge complexity index (KCI) of European metropolitan areas and describe their economy in terms of their innovative potential. Interpreted as a dimensionality-reduction algorithm, as proposed by Mealy et al. (2019), KCI helps to filter out the background noise from the abundant information produced by the interactions that happen within cities. By extending the work by van Dam et al. (2021), we highlight the relevance of going beyond the first leading eigenvector, to the analysis of which the rest of the literature is limited. We define clusters of similar cities, based on the additional dimensions obtained through this dimensionality-reduction procedure. The introduction of clusters dramatically increases the predicting power of KCI. Under this lens, the Economic Complexity framework is more than a single index: it is a powerful methodology to reveal the organized complexity hidden behind the large amount of chaotic information produced by out-of-equilibrium economic systems such as cities. |
| Keywords: | Gains from productivity; Development; Asymmetries. |
| Date: | 2022–12–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2022/38&r=knm |
| By: | Serenella Caravella; Valeria Cirillo; Francesco Crespi; Dario Guarascio; Mirko Menghini |
| Abstract: | The digital transformation is an important driver of long-run productivity growth and, as such, it has the potential to promote a more inclusive and sustainable growth. However, digital capabilities, crucial to develop and govern new digital technologies, are unevenly distributed across European regions increasing the risk of divergence and polarization. By taking advantage of a set of original indicators capturing the level of digital skills in the regional workforce, this work analyzes the factors shaping the process of digital skill accumulation in the EU over the period 2011-2018. Relying on transition probability matrices and dynamic random effects probit models, we provide evidence of a strong and persistent regional polarization in the adoption and deployment of digital skills. Further, we investigate whether European Funds (European Regional Development Fund, Cohesion Funds, and European Social Funds) are capable to shape the digitalization process and to favor regional convergence |
| Keywords: | Digital transition; Skills; Labour markets; Persistence; Regional development; EU policies |
| JEL: | O14 O30 O38 |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sap:wpaper:wp227&r=knm |