|
on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
|
Issue of 2021‒12‒20
three papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Chu, Angus |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a survey of studies that analyze the macroeconomic effects of intellectual property rights (IPR). The first part of this paper introduces different patent-policy instruments and reviews their effects on R&D and economic growth. This part also discusses the distortionary effects and distributional consequences of IPR protection as well as empirical evidence on the effects of patent rights. Then, the second part considers the international aspects of IPR protection. In summary, this survey draws the following conclusions from the literature. First, different patent-policy instruments have different effects on R&D and economic growth. Second, there is some empirical evidence supporting a positive relationship between IPR protection and innovation, but the evidence is stronger for developed countries than for developing countries. Third, the optimal level of IPR protection should tradeoff the social benefit of innovation against the social costs of multiple distortions and income inequality. Finally, in an open economy, achieving the globally optimal level of protection requires an international coordination (rather than the harmonization) of IPR protection. |
| Keywords: | economic growth; innovation; intellectual property rights |
| JEL: | O31 O34 O4 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110839&r= |
| By: | Jackson, Emerson Abraham; Jackson, Elijah; Jackson, Hudson |
| Abstract: | With reference to a popular quotation from Winston Churchill - "Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts" (Langworth, 6th May, 2019). Career development is an important part of every individual’s endeavour(s), which can be pursued through formal or informal means; it is considered the most important element needed to assist mankind forge ahead with planned objectives. Indeed, based on Churchill’s expressed quotation, the process of career development can be a tough but rewarding endeavour, particularly for those people who are not considered to be born with ‘silver spoon‘ or coming from a home perceived as affluent. |
| Keywords: | Career Development; Occupation; Vocation; Sustainable Development |
| JEL: | I25 I28 I3 |
| Date: | 2020–01–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110820&r= |
| By: | Aymo Brunetti; Konstantin Büchel; Martina Jakob; Ben Jann; Daniel Steffen |
| Abstract: | Good teachers are the backbone of a successful education system. Yet, in developing countries, teachers' content knowledge is often inadequate. This study documents that primary school math teachers in the department of Morazan in El Salvador only master 47 percent of the curriculum they teach. In a randomized controlled trial with 175 teachers, we further evaluate a computer-assisted learning (CAL) approach to address this shortcoming. After a ve months in-service training combining CAL-based self-studying with monthly workshops, participating teachers outperformed their peers from the control group by 0.29, but this e ect depreciated by 72 percent within one year. Our simulations show that the program is unlikely to be as cost-e ective as CAL interventions directly targeting students. |
| Keywords: | Education quality, teacher performance, teacher training, student learning, basic math education, computer-assisted learning |
| JEL: | C93 I20 I21 I28 O15 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ube:dpvwib:dp2114&r= |