|
on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
|
Issue of 2021‒01‒18
five papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Enrico Santarelli; Jacopo Staccioli; Marco Vivarelli |
| Abstract: | Using the entire population of USPTO patent applications published between 2002 and 2019, and leveraging on both patent classification and semantic analysis, this papers aims to map the current knowledge base centred on robotics and AI technologies. These technologies will be investigated both as a whole and distinguishing core and related innovations, along a 4-level core-periphery architecture. Merging patent applications with the Orbis IP firm-level database will allow us to put forward a threefold analysis based on industry of activity, geographic location, and firm productivity. In a nutshell, results show that: (i) rather than representing a technological revolution, the new knowledge base is strictly linked to the previous technological paradigm; (ii) the new knowledge base is characterised by a considerable - but not impressively widespread - degree of pervasiveness; (iii) robotics and AI are strictly related, converging (particularly among the related technologies) and jointly shaping a new knowledge base that should be considered as a whole, rather than consisting of two separate GPTs; (iv) the U.S. technological leadership turns out to be confirmed. |
| Keywords: | Robotics; Artificial Intelligence; General Purpose Technology; Technological Paradigm; Industry 4.0; Patents full-text. |
| Date: | 2021–01–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2021/01&r=all |
| By: | Jorge Nogueira de Paiva Britto (Universidade Federal Fluminense); Leonardo Costa Ribeiro (Cedeplar/UFMG); Eduardo da Motta e Albuquerque (Cedeplar/UFMG) |
| Abstract: | This paper revisits the pioneers of innovation systems in the 1980s to evaluate their perception of international forces tensioning national boundaries of those systems. The development of multinational enterprises and consequent changes in their operation beyond national borders is discussed, looking at the formation of a network of international knowledge flows. Those changes are connected to the internationalization of science and consequent formation of another network of international knowledge flows. Both networks, one firm-led and the other university-led, are pushed by the revolutions in information and communication technologies. The combination, overlapping and intertwinement of those two networks of international knowledge flows constitute a new layer in innovation systems - an emergent global innovation system. This new layer rearranges the roles of regional, sectoral and national innovation systems. |
| Keywords: | innovation systems, international knowledge flows, layers of innovation systems |
| JEL: | O30 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdp:texdis:td628&r=all |
| By: | Nikolas Zolas; Zachary Kroff; Erik Brynjolfsson; Kristina McElheran; David N. Beede; Cathy Buffington; Nathan Goldschlag; Lucia Foster; Emin Dinlersoz |
| Abstract: | We introduce a new survey module intended to complement and expand research on the causes and consequences of advanced technology adoption. The 2018 Annual Business Survey (ABS), conducted by the Census Bureau in partnership with the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES), provides comprehensive and timely information on the diffusion among U.S. firms of advanced technologies including artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, robotics, and the digitization of business information. The 2018 ABS is a large, nationally representative sample of over 850,000 firms covering all private, nonfarm sectors of the economy. We describe the motivation for and development of the technology module in the ABS, as well as provide a first look at technology adoption and use patterns across firms and sectors. We find that digitization is quite widespread, as is some use of cloud computing. In contrast, advanced technology adoption is rare and generally skewed towards larger and older firms. Adoption patterns are consistent with a hierarchy of increasing technological sophistication, in which most firms that adopt AI or other advanced business technologies also use the other, more widely diffused technologies. Finally, while few firms are at the technology frontier, they tend to be large so technology exposure of the average worker is significantly higher. This new data will be available to qualified researchers on approved projects in the Federal Statistical Research Data Center network. |
| JEL: | M15 O3 O47 O51 |
| Date: | 2020–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:28290&r=all |
| By: | Astadi Pangarso (Brawijaya University, Jl. MT. Haryono 163, 65145, Malang, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Endang Siti Astuti Author-2-Workplace-Name: Brawijaya University, Jl. MT. Haryono 163, 65145, Malang, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Kusdi Raharjo Author-3-Workplace-Name: Brawijaya University, Jl. MT. Haryono 163, 65145, Malang, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Tri Wulida Afrianty Author-4-Workplace-Name: Brawijaya University, Jl. MT. Haryono 163, 65145, Malang, Indonesia Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This paper aims to build a new theoretical framework related to organizational effectiveness. Unfortunately, there is no research which builds a theoretical framework of organizational effectiveness influenced by knowledge infrastructure capability, organizational environment, absorptive capacity and innovative ambidexterity. Methodology/Technique - The theoretical framework is built from the past research of the organizational effectiveness antecedents using literature review method. The theoretical framework in this conceptual paper consists of nine propositions with three novelties: the direct relationship among knowledge infrastructure capability; absorptive capacity; and organizational environment to innovative ambidexterity. Findings - This conceptual paper only applies structural contingency theory, knowledge-based theory and absorptive capacity theory in constructing relationships among concepts. Novelty - This theoretical framework can be applied as a basis for the next future empirical research. Type of Paper - Review |
| Keywords: | Knowledge Infrastructure Capability; Organizational Environment; Absorptive Capacity; Innovative Ambidexterity; Organizational Effectiveness. |
| JEL: | L22 L23 M10 |
| Date: | 2020–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr257&r=all |
| By: | Domagoj Hruska (Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb) |
| Abstract: | This theoretical paper argues that a proper way to deal with the problem of organizational complexity is through the paradigm of managerial and organizational cognition and proposes a three part framework for analysis of organizational dynamics. The perspective of organizational complexity arises from the notion that a number of different kinds of activities are being carried out simultaneously by different people or groups of people. Therefore, there is no single authoritative locus of control that sets tasks and controls results for everybody. The paper proposes that in order to generate helpful theories of organizational action in such context we should be adapting a cognitive paradigm which define ways in which people in organizations define the situation, become aware of alternative courses of action, evaluate the consequences of these actions, and consider the significance of the action in a socially constructed world. The paper argues that there are three crucial tension that would benefit from the application of complexity theory in organizational studies: the tension between subjects and their surroundings which give rise to its unpredictability, the tension from discrepancy and ambiguity of interpretations of organizational members and the tension between individual interpretations and coherent and meaningful modus operandi set by the management. |
| Keywords: | Organizational complexity, managerial and organizational cognition, interpretations, organizational mind |
| JEL: | D23 M10 M14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:11313241&r=all |