nep-knm 2020-04-13 papers

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By:	Paula Bustos (CEMFI, Centro de Estudios Monetarios y Financieros); Juan Manuel Castro Vincenzi (University of Princeton); Joan Monras (Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Jacopo Ponticelli (Northwestern University)
Abstract:	The introduction of new technologies in agriculture can foster structural transformation by freeing workers who find occupation in other sectors. The traditional view is that this increase in labor supply in manufacturing can lead to industrial development. However, when workers moving to manufacturing are mostly unskilled, this process reinforces a country's comparative advantage in low-skill intensive industries. To the extent that these industries undertake less R&D, this change in industrial composition can lead to lower long-run growth. We provide empirical evidence of this mechanism using a large and exogenous increase in agricultural productivity due to the legalization of genetically engineered soy in Brazil. Our results indicate that improvements in agricultural productivity, while positive in the short-run, can generate specialization in less-innovative industries and have negative effects on productivity in the long-run.
Keywords:	Agricultural productivity, skill-biased technical change, labor mobility, genetically engineered soy, Brazil.
JEL:	J43 O13 O14 O33 Q15 Q16
Date:	2019–03
URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cmf:wpaper:wp2019_1906&r=all

By:	Link, Albert (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics); Morris, Cody (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics); van Hasselt, Martijn (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics)
Abstract:	Entrepreneurial firms that rely on public research institutes, the third sector of R&D, are also firms that are more innovative in terms of introducing new or significantly improved goods or services to the market. This finding is based on an analysis of 4,004 knowledge-intensive entrepreneurial (KIE) firms located in ten European Union countries. We interpret our findings as suggestive evidence of the importance of policy makers continuing to support financially public research institutions.
Keywords:	Research institute; third sector of R&D; innovation; entrepreneurship; KIE firms;
JEL:	L26 O31 O32 O38
Date:	2020–04–07
URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:uncgec:2020_002&r=all

By:	Sumit Shrivastav (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research)
Abstract:	This paper analyses implications of network compatibility and competition on process innovation in differentiated network goods duopoly. It shows that firms R&D investments are strategic substitutes (complements), if effective network compatibility is less (more) than product substitutability, regardless of the nature of competition. If R&D investments are strategic complements, firms always invest in process innovation and they invest more under Bertrand competition than under Cournot competition. If R&D investments are strategic substitutes, unlike Cournot firms, Bertrand firms dont always undertake process innovation; but, when Bertrand firms also undertake process innovation, Cournot-Bertrand R&D ranking depends on the strength of network externalities.
Keywords:	Network compatibility, Network Externalities, Process R&D, Bertrand-Cournot Compari- son, Product Differentiation
JEL:	L13 D43 O31
Date:	2020–02
URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:igiwpp:2020-007&r=all

By:	MOTOHASHI Kazuyuki; Christian RAMMER
Abstract:	This report presented descriptive results of a novel survey on IT practices in the context of new product development (NPD) in German and Japanese manufacturing SMEs. Based on dedicated questionnaire-based surveys in both countries, the report demonstrated that there are a number of commonalities between German and Japanese SMEs. It is found that German firms are more advanced in use of digital applications, while Japanese firms are more likely to be involved in collaboration for NPD. However, this difference disappears when the business environment faced by both samples is controlled. In terms of business performance impacts of digitalization and NPD process, a complementarity between them regarding specific business partners (supplier or customer firms) is found in Japan, while digital applications with multiple users is positively correlated with business performance in Germany.
Date:	2020–03
URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:polidp:20007&r=all

By:	Pierre-Alexandre Balland; Ron Boschma; Koen Frenken
Abstract:	We review proximity research on collaborative innovation among organizations. We discuss the basic theorical tenets of collaborative innivation and summarize empirical findings on the roles of various forms of proximity. At the aggregative level, we look at studies of inter-organizational relations at the aggregate level of innovation systems. We end with a discussion of next steps in proximity research on collaborative innovation.
Keywords:	proximity, innovation, networks, inter-organizational relations, innovation systems, knowledge base
JEL:	B25 D85 L14 O3 R1
Date:	2020–03
URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2019&r=all

By:	Anne Marchais-Roubelat (LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM])
Date:	2019
URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-02513563&r=all