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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2019‒12‒16
seven papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Jacob Rubak Holm (Aalborg University); Bram Timmermans (Norwegian School of Economics and Aalborg University); Christian Richter Ostergaard (Aalborg University); Alexander Coad (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú); Nicola Grassano (European Commission - JRC); Antonio Vezzani (Roma Tre University) |
| Abstract: | Private sector R&D is largely concentrated in a few multinational companies (MNCs), which thus play an important role in the creation of knowledge and technology in the economy. The mobility of labor between these firms and the rest of the economy is therefore an important mechanism for the diffusion of knowledge. This paper analyses in great detail the flow of labor between firms with specific emphasis on flows to and from R&D intensive MNCs. Using linked employer-employee data for Denmark, we match employees moving from R&D intensive MNCs to other employees switching jobs. We find that employees are more inclined to move between R&D intensive MNCs and their subsidiaries rather than between these firms and other firms in the economy. This is particularly true for high skill employees. Our results suggest that other domestic firms are to a larger extent kept out of the ‘knowledge spillover’ loop, which provide them with fewer opportunities to learn from the R&D intensive MNCs. In other words, R&D intensive MNCs and their subsidiaries form a kind of sub labor market within the national labor market; employees exhibit higher mobility within this group of firms than between this group and the rest of the labor market. |
| Keywords: | Labor mobility, Multinational companies, Knowledge flows, R&D |
| JEL: | J21 F23 O32 |
| Date: | 2019–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:wpaper:201906&r=all |
| By: | Link, Albert (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics); Scott, John (Dartmouth College) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents and explains an approach for measuring technological change in the production of new scientific knowledge. The paper expands our previous work on this topic. Our approach is illustrated by using as an example new scientific journal publications from the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology. The empirical findings are consistent with the expectation that resource constraints will cause a breakdown in the process of creating new scientific knowledge and with the evidence that scientific research has been less productive in recent decades. |
| Keywords: | scientific publications; technological change; R&D; knowledge production function; |
| JEL: | O33 O38 |
| Date: | 2019–12–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:uncgec:2019_014&r=all |
| By: | Ernest MIGUELEZ; Julio RAFFO; Christian CHACUA; Massimiliano CODA-ZABETTA; Deyun YIN; Francesco LISSONI, Gianluca TARASCONI |
| Abstract: | In this paper we exploit a unique and rich dataset of patent applications and scientific publications in order to answer several questions concerned with two current phenomena on the way knowledge is produced and shared worldwide: its geographical spread at the international level and its spatial concentration in few worldwide geographical hotspots. We find that the production of patents and scientific publications has spread geographically to several countries, and has not kept within the traditional knowledge producing economies (Western Europe, Japan and the U.S.). We observe that part of this partial geographical spread of knowledge activities is due to the setting up of Global Innovation Networks, first toward more traditional innovative countries, and then towards emerging economies too. Yet, despite the increasing worldwide spread of knowledge production, we do not see the same spreading process within countries, and even we see some increased concentration in some of them. This may have, of course, important distributional consequences within countries. Moreover, these selected areas also concentrate a large and increasing connectivity, within their own country to other hotspots, and across countries through Global Innovation Networks. |
| Keywords: | patents, scientific publications, geocoding, global innovation networks, clusters, geography of innovation |
| JEL: | O30 F20 F60 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grt:wpegrt:2019-16&r=all |
| By: | zulfikar, rizka |
| Abstract: | This research aims to find a structural equation model that can explain the relationship and influence of the environmental concern and Environmental Knowledge to green trust and green purchase intention towards green product. This study is a survey research using questionnaires as an instrument. Population and sample used in this study is public of South Kalimantan Province and taken as many as 150 respondents using non-purposivesampling method. The analysis technique used are : the instruments test, the construct validity and reliability test, the suitability of the model based on the goodness of fit index, pathways analysis and the Influence test according to the model of SEM that complies with the goodness of fit index to determine the effect of variable perception value and risk to public trust. The study found that: (1) Structural equation model of the correlation between the environmental concern and Environmental Knowledge to green trust and green purchase intention towards green product are comply with the criteria and standards of goodness of fit index, (2) (3) (4) |
| Date: | 2018–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:inarxi:sqm28&r=all |
| By: | Girum Abebe (EDRI, Ethiopia); Margaret McMillan (Tufts); Michel Serafinelli (University of Essex) |
| Abstract: | We use a plant level survey to identify interactions between domestic plants and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Ethiopia’s manufacturing sector. Almost one third of Ethiopian plants report being linked to FDI through labor sharing, forward and backward linkages and competition in input and output markets. Domestic plant managers report that through these linkages with FDI, they learn about production processes, managerial and organizational practices and exporting. We quantify the spillovers from FDI at the local level by comparing changes in total factor productivity (TFP) among domestic plants in districts where a large greenfield foreign plant produced and districts where FDI in the same industry and around the same time was licensed but not yet operational. Over the four years starting with the year of the FDI opening, the TFP of domestic plants is 11 percent higher in treated districts, employment in these domestic plants increases and new domestic plants open. |
| Keywords: | Foreign Direct Investment, productivity, localized knowledge spillovers, plant-to-plant labor mobility. |
| JEL: | F21 R10 D24 |
| Date: | 2019–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:1913&r=all |
| By: | Hadiwijaya, Hendra; , Febrianty |
| Abstract: | This study aimed to determine the effect of Absorptive Capacity and Knowledge Sharing on the performance of womenowned SMEs group. The sample of this research was female business actor who joined in Alisah Khadijah group of ICMI Palembang as many as 138 business actors. Analysis of this research used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) program with Lisrel Program. The result showed that Absorptive Capacity and Knowledge Sharing variable had positive and significant influence on Performance of SME group incorporated in Alisah Khadijah ICMI Palembang. Absorptive Capacity variable had more dominant influence on Performance than Knowledge Sharing variable |
| Date: | 2018–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:inarxi:z7c9s&r=all |
| By: | Rimmer, Matthew (Queensland University of Technology) |
| Abstract: | The multidisciplinary field of climate law and justice needs to address the topic of intellectual property, climate finance, and technology transfer to ensure effective global action on climate change. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1992 (UNFCCC) established a foundation for the development, application and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. Against this background, it is useful to analyse how the Paris Agreement 2015 deals with the subject of intellectual property, technology transfer, and climate change. While there was discussion of a number of options for intellectual property and climate change, the final Paris Agreement 2015 contains no text on intellectual property. There is text, though, on technology transfer. The Paris Agreement 2015 relies upon technology networks and alliances in order to promote the diffusion and dissemination of green technologies. In order to achieve technology transfer, there has been an effort to rely on a number of formal technology networks, alliances, and public–private partnerships—including the UNFCCC Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN); the World Intellectual Property Organization’s WIPO GREEN; Mission Innovation; the Breakthrough Energy Coalition; and the International Solar Alliance. There have been grand hopes and ambitions in respect of these collaborative and co-operative ventures. However, there have also been significant challenges in terms of funding, support, and operation. In a case of innovation policy pluralism, there also seems to be a significant level of overlap and duplication between the diverse international initiatives. There have been concerns about whether such technology networks are effective, efficient, adaptable, and accountable. There is a need to better align intellectual property, innovation policy, and technology transfer in order to achieve access to clean energy and climate justice under the framework of the Paris Agreement 2015. At a conceptual level, philosophical discussions about climate justice should be grounded in pragmatic considerations about intellectual property and technology transfer. An intellectual property mechanism is necessary to provide for research, development, and deployment of clean technologies. There is a need to ensure that the technology mechanism of the Paris Agreement 2015 can enable the research, development, and diffusion of clean technologies at a scale to address the global challenges of climate change. |
| Date: | 2019–02–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:fxhvm&r=all |