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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2018‒07‒16
eight papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Jurgita Raudeliūnienė (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University); Vida Davidavičienė (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University); Artūras Jakubavičius (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University) |
| Abstract: | In the context of globalization and transformations, the knowledge potential management is an effective tool for increasing the effectiveness of organizations. The aim of the research is to study the procedural approach to the organization knowledge potential management, to distinguish the main knowledge management processes and to present suggestions on how to improve the knowledge management process model. The organization's knowledge potential in this study is defined, as the organization's resources and market opportunities, generating its knowledge potential, complexity and effective management of which create prerequisites for meeting the changing individual user needs, creating reciprocal value, uniqueness and leadership in the global marketplace. The conceptual knowledge management process model has been improved, based on the research. The first step in the model is the choice of a knowledge strategy, covering aspects of the formation and selection of strategic decision-making in knowledge potential management. The choice of an appropriate knowledge strategy brings to its implementation through a process of knowledge management cycle, consisting of knowledge acquisition, sharing, development, preservation and application of it. The knowledge management process model is completed with an evaluation of the knowledge strategy implementation. |
| Keywords: | procedural approach,knowledge management,organization knowledge potential,knowledge management processes |
| Date: | 2018–03–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01773979&r=knm |
| By: | Cook, Adam (Asian Development Bank Institute); Ehrlich, Isaac (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | We offer a thesis for why the United States (US) overtook the United Kingdom (UK) and other European countries in the 20th century in both aggregate and per capita GDP as a case study of recent models of endogenous growth, where “human capital” is the engine of growth. By human capital we mean an intangible asset, best thought of as a stock of embodied and disembodied knowledge comprising education, information, entrepreneurship, and productive and innovative skills, which is formed through investments in schooling, job training, and health as well as through research and development projects and informal knowledge transfers (cf. Ehrlich and Murphy 2007). The conjecture is that the ascendancy of the US as an economic superpower in the 20th century owes considerably to its faster human capital formation relative to that of the UK and “old Europe.” We assess whether the thesis has legs to stand on through both stylized facts and a supplementary quasi-experimental empirical analysis. The stylized facts indicate that the US led other major developed countries in schooling attainments per adult population member, beginning in the latter part of the 19th century and lasting throughout the 20th century, especially at the secondary and tertiary levels. The quasi-experimental analysis constitutes the first attempt to test the hypothesis that the US’s ascendancy to a major economic power stems largely from the impact of the first Morrill Act of 1862, which launched the public higher education movement in the US through the establishment of land grant colleges and universities across the nation during the latter part of the 19th century. |
| Keywords: | human capital; endogenous growth; Morrill Act; higher education; treatment effects; US |
| JEL: | C21 H10 I20 N10 N30 O00 O40 |
| Date: | 2018–03–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0820&r=knm |
| By: | Petros Gkotsis (European Commission - JRC); Antonio Vezzani (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | In this work, we develop and apply a methodology to estimate technology-specific R&D investments at firm level and then use these to test some arguments that have become central in the innovation literature. In particular, we first combine R&D investments with patent data of the world top R&D investors worldwide and show that investment per patent varies greatly both across technologies and across firms developing the same technology. We then use the estimated firm-technology R&D investments to assess how these are related to the international and technological strategies of firms. The estimation strategy makes use of a multilevel framework that allows us to model heterogeneity both at the firm and industry level. In particular, we show that specific firms strategies requires different level of investments and that sector specificities matter in determining R&D per patent investments, economies of scale in knowledge production, and the cost of (further) specialization. Accounting for (un)observed heterogeneity may lead to better policy design and management decisions. |
| Keywords: | patents, R&D, technology, cost, heterogeneity, internationalization |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:wpaper:201804&r=knm |
| By: | Sourav Bhattacharya; Pavel Chakraborty; Chirantan Chatterjee |
| Abstract: | We use The Patents (Amendment) Act, 2002 in India as a quasi-natural experiment to identify the causal e¤ect of higher incentives for innovation on firm organizational features. We find that stronger intellectual property (IP) protection has a sharper impact on technologically advanced firms, i.e., firms that were a-priori above the industry median in terms of technology adoption. While there is an overall increase in managers' share of compensation, this increase is about 1.6-1.7% more for high-tech firms. This difference can be attributed to a larger increase in performance pay for high-tech firms. The reform also leads to a significant increase in number of managerial layers and number of divisions for high-tech firms relative to low-tech firms, but only the latter effect is correlated with the differential change in managerial compensation. Broadly, we demonstrate that stronger IP protection leads to an increase in both within-firm and between-firm wage inequality, with more robust evidence for between-firm inequality. |
| Keywords: | Intellectual Property Regimes, High-tech and Low-tech firms, Managerial Com- pensation, Span of Control |
| JEL: | D21 D23 L23 O34 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lan:wpaper:240829812&r=knm |
| By: | Dekker, M.M.; van Lieshout, R.N.; Ball, R.C.; Bouman, P.C.; Dekker, S.C.; Dijkstra, H.A.; Goverde, R.M.P.; Huisman, D.; Panja, D.; Schaafsma, A.M.; van den Akker, M. |
| Abstract: | Railway systems occasionally get into a state of out-of-control, meaning that there is barely any train is running, even though the required resources (infrastructure, rolling stock and crew) are available. These situations can either be caused by large disruptions or unexpected propagation and accumulation of delays. Because of the large number of aected resources and the absence of detailed, timely and accurate information, currently existing methods cannot be applied in out-of-control situations. Most of the contemporary approaches assume that there is only one single disruption with a known duration, that all information about the resources is available, and that all stakeholders in the operations act as expected. Another limitation is the lack of knowledge about why and how disruptions accumulate and whether this process can be predicted. To tackle these problems, we develop a multidisciplinary framework aiming at reducing the impact of these situations and - if possible - avoiding them. The key elements of this framework are (i) the generation of early warning signals for out-of-control situations using tools from complexity science and (ii) a set of rescheduling measures robust against the features of out-of-control situations, using tools from operations research. |
| Date: | 2018–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ems:eureir:109054&r=knm |
| By: | Elena Grinza; Francesco Quatraro |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we explore the impact of a firm's workers' replacements on innovation performance, by using rich matched employer-employee panel data for the Veneto region of Italy. We take the well-known resource-based theory of the firm as our departure point, and develop a set of hypotheses which we test empirically with negative binomial regressions. Coherently with our theoretical framework, we find that workers' replacements significantly dampen innovation performance, because they generate losses in the tacit knowledge base of the firm. We also nd that workers' replacements are especially detrimental to large and young rms, because large companies have more hierarchical rigidities and innovative capabilities in young rms are mostly dependent on specific human capital. Finally, our results show that firms' localization in industrial districts significantly mitigates the negative impact of workers' replacements, and that a similar picture emerges when firms are more exposed to knowledge spillovers, particularly of related knowledge. |
| Keywords: | Workers' replacements, excess worker turnover, innovation performance, tacit knowledge, knowledge spillovers, employer-employee matched longitudinal data. |
| JEL: | J63 O30 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cca:wpaper:550&r=knm |
| By: | Naira Hakobyan (National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia); Anna Khachatryan (National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia) |
| Abstract: | A person lives and works in society. Out of the social environment, it is impossible to imagine any aspect of a person’s life. In many cases, the characteristics of the social environment depend on the means and interaction of the person’s psychological resources. A person uses different resources at different stages of life. A good share of these resources in the majority of cases are not appreciated and perceived as ordinary means of life. In some cases these resources cannot be reached because of conflict with negative psychological phenomena, whether it is a traumatic or negative past experience or an irrational thinking. This is why the appropriate trainings for reducing the impact of these negative phenomena and providing stress-resistance are of much importance. On the other hand, the knowledge and skills gained during the trainings can be useful and applicable in process of overcoming possible conflicts and coping with potential emergencies. Due to psychological resources, helping to adapt to stress, it is easier to get out of the stressful situation. |
| Keywords: | Psychological resources, social environment, cognitive coping resources, emotional coping resources, behavioral coping resources, socio-psychological stability |
| Date: | 2018–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:ppaper:012&r=knm |
| By: | Guilhem Fabre (EHESS - Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales) |
| Date: | 2018–06–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01818508&r=knm |