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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2018‒03‒19
five papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Victor Court (CERES-ERTI - Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche sur l'Environnement et la Societé / Environmental Research and Teaching Institute - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris); Emmanuel Bovari (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This article provides a knowledge-based and energy-centered unified growth model of the economic transition from limited to sustained growth. In an overlapping generation framework, we introduce final energy as a production factor of a composite final good sector, along with human capital, a learning-by-doing technology, and a Schumpeterian technology. Final energy results from a CES aggregation of energy inputs that come from renewable (biomass, wind, water) and exhaustible (coal, oil, gas) primary resources. The production of those inputs also requires human capital along with specific learning-by-doing and Schumpeterian technologies. Furthermore, with an endogenous sequence of General Purpose Technologies (GPTs), we explicitly feature pure technological externalities that foster the efficiency of both learning-by-doing and R&D-based technological progress. This setting allows us to distinguish two economic regimes: (i) a pre-modern organic regime dominated by limited growth in per capita output, high fertility, low levels of human capital, technological progress generated by learning-by-doing, and rare GPT arrivals; and (ii) a modern fossil regime characterized by sustained growth of per capita output, low fertility, high levels of human capital, technological progress generated by profit-motivated R&D, and increasingly frequent GPT arrivals. Most importantly, these economic, technological and demographic regimes' changes are associated with an energy transition. This transition results from the endogenous shortage of renewable resources availability and the arrival of new GPTs, which redirect technological progress towards the exploitation of previously unprofitable exhaustible energy carriers. Calibrations of the model are currently in progress and will allow a simulation of the historical experience of England for the period 1560-2010. In a second step, we plan to reiterate these simulations to compare the different trajectories of Western Europe and Eastern Asia. |
| Keywords: | Unified Growth Theory,Useful Knowledge,Energy Transition,Demography |
| Date: | 2018–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-01698755&r=knm |
| By: | SAHIBI, Youness; HAMZAOUI, Moustapha |
| Abstract: | Although significant progress had been made in Morocco, the inter-regional inequalities persist. The aim of this paper is to analyse this spatial inequality and convergence phenomenon in Morocco, using regional data between 2000 and 2007. Thus, relying on methods of spatial data analysis and taken from theoretical and empirical contributions, this paper analyses the role of the sectorial externalities and spatial spillovers in growth. Next, we tested the existence of a convergence process and the conditions for its improvement. The results showed the existence of a growth convergence process in value added and productivity but not in employment. On the other hand, the variables of human capital and infrastructure can significantly reduce regional inequality. Thus, we conclude that the conventional policies based solely on the infrastructure development or education are not sufficient. A more comprehensive approach that integrates these two axes and encourages business development and knowledge transfer is needed. |
| Keywords: | Spatial Inequality, Growth, Morocco, Convergence |
| JEL: | J18 R11 R12 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:84564&r=knm |
| By: | Carsten Fink; Bronwyn H. Hall; Christian Helmers |
| Abstract: | We analyze the use of intellectual property (IP) by firms in Chile over the decade 1995-2005 as the then middle-income country experienced rapid economic growth of 4.7 percent per year. We use a novel dataset that contains a combination of detailed firm-level information from the annual manufacturing census, information on firms’ innovative activities from Chile’s innovation surveys, and firms’ patent, industrial design, and trademark filings with the Chilean IP office. We use these data to look at how IP use by companies has changed over time and analyze the determinants of IP use, in particular first-time use. We find that sales growth prompts first-time use of patents and trademarks, though such use does not change the growth trajectory of firms nor does it improve their total factor productivity. We also find that trademark use is associated with new-to-the-world product innovation, which suggests that branding may be an important mechanism to appropriate returns to innovation in a middle-income country like Chile. |
| JEL: | O12 O34 |
| Date: | 2018–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:24348&r=knm |
| By: | Johannes van der Pol |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to show how firm-level partner selection strategies impact the structure a of collaboration network. The analysis is performed in three stages. A first stage identifies how partners select their collaborators, a second stage shows how these decisions result in clusters, and a final stage studies the global network structure that emerges from the interconnection of these clusters. In order to highlight the importance of the sectors’ influence, the analysis is performed on the French Aerospace and the French Biotech collaboration networks. Results show that the firm-level strategies are the same in both sectors while the resulting global network structure is different (core-periphery structure with small-world characteristics for the aerospace network and no particular structure for the biotech sector). The difference in the global network structure can be explained by sectorial characteristics. These differences define the manner in which knowledge flows through the network. |
| Keywords: | SNA; Sectoral analysis; Collaboration network; Biotechnology; Aerospace; ERGM; Innovation |
| JEL: | L25 C23 D85 L14 C20 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grt:wpegrt:2018-02&r=knm |
| By: | Kamran Bilir (University of Wisconsin - Madison); Christopher Tonetti (Stanford GSB); Treb Allen (Dartmouth College) |
| Abstract: | How do geography and other barriers to the free flow of information shape agent’s incentive to learn and hence the equilibrium diffusion of knowledge? We analyze this question in the context of statin drug prescriptions by doctors over decades during a period characterized by the invention of new chemical entities and the entry of generics. Using data on the universe of statin prescriptions in the U.S., first we describe statistical patterns of initial drug use and subsequent adoption as a function of doctor characteristics and location. There are clear spatial patterns to the timing and dispersion of adoption. We then develop a micro-founded structural model of learning and diffusion with many doctors per region and many regions. Doctors want to prescribe the right drug to each patient, given a vector of patient characteristics. Doctors are uncertain about the best drug to prescribe for each patient and through learning they increase the probability of providing the proper prescription. In any location, there is a distribution of doctors with different amounts of knowledge. Doctors learn by treating their own patients, but also from other doctors. There is also some randomness in whom a doctor interacts with from whom he or she learns. The ease, efficacy, and probability of learning from other doctors is a function of geography and other observables, like attending a common med school. We perform counterfactual analysis to see how decreases in the barriers to diffusion of knowledge affects effort dedicated to learning and, ultimately, patient outcomes. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:red:sed017:1498&r=knm |