|
on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
|
Issue of 2017‒11‒19
six papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Sara Biancini (Normandie University, UNICAEN, CREM UMR CNRS 6211, France); Pamela Bombarda (Université de Cergy-Pontoise, ThEMA, France) |
| Abstract: | Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protect firms from imitation and are considered crucial to promote innovation and technological diffusion. This paper examines the impact of IPR on import sourcing decisions of multinationals. We consider a framework in which firms offshore production of an intermediate good in a developing country. Firms can either decide to import the intermediate from vertically integrated producers, or from independent suppliers. In both cases, offshoring part of the production process embodies a risk of imitation. The model predicts that, under reasonable assumptions, stronger IPR encourage by a larger extent the imports of intermediates through vertical integration. Using U.S. Related-Party Trade database, we find empirical evidence supportive of the positive link between level of IPR and the relative share of imports from vertically integrated manufacturers. |
| Keywords: | Intellectual Property Rights, MNF, FDI, outsourcing, international trade |
| JEL: | F12 F23 O34 |
| Date: | 2017–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tut:cremwp:2017-12&r=knm |
| By: | Jonathan F. Lee |
| Abstract: | I model a firm's decision to create an invention and, separately, her decision to protect that invention with intellectual property (IP). Because external forces, such as industry characteristics or policy regimes, can affect the innovation and protection decisions differently, the model predicts that innovation measures based on IP usage, such as patent counts, may not correlate with innovative effort. For example, the threat of competition generally has an inverse-U shaped relationship with observed patenting but has a normal-U relationship with innovative effort. In this case, the average quality of a firm's patent portfolio is a better proxy for innovation. I derive general conditions under which various patent statistics, such as quality-adjusted patenting or average patent quality, are useful proxies for how innovation responds to external influences. |
| JEL: | K11 L24 O31 O34 |
| Date: | 2017–11–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jmp:jm2017:ple823&r=knm |
| By: | Yablonsky, Sergey A. |
| Abstract: | The paper addresses the problems of knowledge exchange/sharing in multi-sided platforms (MSPs). The paper identifies what are the main business models, mechanisms and factors that explain the knowledge/information/data exchange/share and innovation effects of MSPs and MSP ecosystems. The paper provides a broad overview of MSP intermediaries and ecosystems for exchange/sharing knowledge and examines main business models and cases. Analysis of the main business model pattern of MSP (Yablonsky, 2016b) identifies such main business model blocks that could be used for knowledge/information/data exchange/sharing: key partnership and ecosystem, activities, resources, and digital channels. The five areas of knowledge/information/data exchange/sharing in IT infrastructure platforms were investigated trying to find what counterparts are usually exchanged/shared. |
| Keywords: | knowledge exchange, multi-sided platforms, intermediaries, ecosystems, business model, exchange/share, innovations, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:cpaper:8712&r=knm |
| By: | Rauf Gönenç (OECD); Béatrice Guérard (OECD) |
| Abstract: | Austria’s transition to a digital economy and society is slower than in other high-income small open European economies. The rate and pace of utilisation of eight main ICT applications shows that Austrian firms follow peer country counterparts with a gap, which has widened in most areas in recent years. Two dynamics drive digital transitions and Austria has room for progress in both of them. First, the potential for digitalisation in all firms, and especially in the smaller ones (where gaps are largest) should be freed-up by upgrading the full range of ICT-generic, ICT-specific and ICT-complementary skills. Second, Austria needs to make its business environment more conducive to firm entry and exit. The rate of entry of new firms and their growth are crucial for the diffusion of new business models and ICT innovations but fall behind peer countries. The adoption of ICT innovations by households also follows a staggered path: young and highly educated Austrians adopt ICT applications in similar ways to their counterparts in peer countries, while middle and older age cohorts display noticeable gaps. This calls for policies to help lagging groups become more acquainted with innovations. A whole-of-government approach, including large-scale utilisation of e-government applications in enterprises and households, should help to embrace change and facilitate the flourishing of innovative businesses, work practices and lifestyles throughout Austria. This Working Paper relates to the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of Austria (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-surve y-austria.htm) |
| Keywords: | diffusion of innovations, digitalisation, information technologies, technological innovation |
| JEL: | D24 L60 L81 L96 M15 O14 O32 O33 O38 |
| Date: | 2017–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1430-en&r=knm |
| By: | Antoine Dechezlepretre, Ralf Martin, Myra Mohnen |
| Abstract: | Government policy in support of innovation often varies across technology areas. An important example are climate change policies that typically try to support so called clean technologies that avoid greenhouse gas pollution and hamper dirty technologies that are associated with polluting emissions. This paper explores the economic consequences of such policy moves in the short run. At the margin private returns of R&D investments in different areas should be equalised. Hence, shifting the composition of R&D activities by a policy intervention will only have a meaningful impact on economic outcomes if the external returns differ. Hence, we compare innovation spillovers between clean, dirty and other emerging technologies using patent citation data. We develop new methodology including the usage of Page rank measures developed by Google to rank web content. Exploring a wide range of robustness checks we consistently find up to 40% higher levels of spillovers from clean technologies. We also use firm-level financial data to investigate the impact of knowledge spillovers on firms’ market value and find that marginal economic value of spillovers from clean technologies is also greater. |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lsg:lsgwps:wp135&r=knm |
| By: | José Pedro Pontes; Carlos Eduardo Lobo e Silva |
| Abstract: | This paper deals with the location of R&D by vertical multinational firms. By taking the colocation of laboratories and productive plants as a benchmark, we can see that the spatial separation of both emerges under two conditions – high intensity of R&D spillovers and strong size asymmetry between countries. The latter condition is effective since it is related with a rising international inequality of wages. If the spatial separation of R&D and manufacturing takes place, headquarters services (namely R&D units) will be likely located in the smaller country. The converse pattern, where laboratories are place in the larger country, may arise if production is high-tech and the localized externalities of research activity are strong. Hence, this article confirms the main results of the literature on this topic but in the context of a different framework which allows us to tackle two usually disregarded topics: the transfer cost of technology; and the direct engagement of industrial workers in R&D spillovers. These aspects are dealt with by presupposing that, in addition to a “technological” externality among researchers, there is an “educational” externality exerted by researchers upon neighbouring industrial workers. When a country loses its laboratories, the inhabitants become intellectually “impoverished” and their labour starts to have a lesser efficiency. |
| Keywords: | Location of R&D; Vertical Multinationals; Spillovers; Nash Equilibria in a Large Group of Agents. |
| JEL: | F23 O32 R12 |
| Date: | 2017–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp0122017&r=knm |