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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2017‒09‒10
nine papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Pierre Teissier (Centre François Viète : épistémologie, histoire des sciences et des techniques - UN - Université de Nantes - UBO - Université de Brest) |
| Abstract: | This chapter tackles the question of local knowledge-making in changing scientific and economic environments in the field of advanced materials. It relies on a case study at the University of Rennes, in Western France, where the chemistry laboratory of Jacques Lucas conducted a program on non-oxide glass materials from the 1960s onwards. The chapter aims at explaining how the local production of these “exotic glasses” in Rennes was both shaped by a bench culture of solid-state chemistry and international R&D supported by the telecommunications industry. This case exhibits how research on materials was organized by a transatlantic division of labor in the Western world. |
| Keywords: | materials science and engineering, solid-state chemistry, glass materials, differentiation of labor, bench culture, scientific disciplines, telecommunication R&D |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01566003&r=knm |
| By: | ARZANDEH, Mehdi; GUNAY, Hikmet |
| Abstract: | In an international Cournot oligopoly model, we compare two different merger policies when firms are merging endogenously and engage in research and development (R&D). In the benchmark model, countries set optimal tariff levels but do not have merger policy. If ex-ante identical firms merge internationally, they have an ex-post cost advantage over the outsiders due to tariff savings. This gives the merger an incentive to increase its R&D investment, which increases the cost dispersion further; therefore, the merger paradox, where each firm wants to be an outsider, disappears when R&D is efficient. As a result, we find different equilibrium market structures depending on the efficiency of R&D. In the second part, we compare two different merger policies, one that puts emphasis on welfare (roughly the Canadian merger policy) and another one that puts emphasis on consumer surplus (roughly the European Union’s merger policy). We show that under the “welfare-increasing” merger policy, monopoly is the equilibrium market structure when R&D is very efficient. This explains why a merger, which created a monopoly, was approved in Canada. As R&D becomes less efficient, the equilibrium market structures become less concentrated under the two different merger policies. Each merger policy can be global welfare maximizing depending on the efficiency of R&D; however, the “consumer-surplus-increasing” merger policy is optimal for a wider range of parameters. |
| Keywords: | Competition Policy, Merger Policy, R&D, Endogenous Mergers, Tariff, Trade, Policy, Cournot oligopoly, Merger Paradox |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hiasdp:hias-e-53&r=knm |
| By: | Chatterjee, Sidharta |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to elucidate and appreciate the growing importance of social knowledge in economic systems. It is thoroughly evident that socially available information as a variable is being employed in economic modeling—and, social concepts and principles are being increasingly employed to model economic systems. Despite the growing importance of social elements in economic theory and modeling, there appears to be a general lack of appreciation and understanding effected by fallacy of about what constitutes social knowledge in particular, and social information in general, and then, why there should be social elements included in economic systems. The goal of this paper, therefore, is to undertake a formal analysis of the theory of social knowledge based on Kenneth Arrow's (1994) paper, and to explain why this is so relevant in modern economic systems. This study, therefore, attempts to demonstrate understanding of the concept of social knowledge in its present context—the digital age, with the aim of advancing knowledge in this field. Finally, the study also provides general knowledge about the subject of social knowledge in the context of economic growth. |
| Keywords: | Social knowledge, knowledge externalities, social information, innovation |
| JEL: | Z13 |
| Date: | 2017–08–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:81105&r=knm |
| By: | Daimer, Stephanie; Dehio, Jochen; Rothgang, Michael |
| Abstract: | This publication discusses results from a study on knowledge triangle (KT) policies and practices in Germany. Our study analyzes characteristics of the situation in Germany, where the interaction between the different policy levels is rather crucial for understanding KT policies and (non-university) public research institutions play an important role in the KT. We see different forms of interaction between the different angles of the KT: between research and innovation (with a clear focus on the "third mission" of higher education institutions), between research and education (strongly reinforced in the past few years by instruments aiming at a higher quality of education), and between innovation and education (e.g. via participation of representatives from the economy and society in the accreditation process of new B.A. and M.A. study programmes). The second part presents results from case studies of two German higher education institutions. We see that the interaction between different policy levels is crucial for understanding KT policies, and that (non-university) public research institutions (PRIs) play an important role in the KT. Third mission policies and science-industry linkages are thriving, but their adoption by higher education institutions and public research institutes varies greatly depending on the institutions' structure, culture and location (regional context). |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwimat:119&r=knm |
| By: | Mazen J Al Shobaki (Department of Information Technology - Al-Azhar University); Samy S Abu Naser (Department of Information Technology - Al-Azhar University); Youssef M Abu Amuna (Department of Information Technology - Al-Azhar University); Suliman A El Talla (College of Intermediate Studies - Al-Azhar University) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this study is to identify the impact of electronic human resources management on the development of electronic educational services in the Palestinian universities in Gaza Strip. The study population consisted of (35) IT staff centers in the Palestinian universities in Gaza Strip. The researchers used the questionnaire as a tool of the study and used the descriptive and analytical approach to achieve the objectives of the study. (SPSS) program was used to analyze the data. Results of the study showed that the university system in the provision of electronic educational services affect the process of transition to electronic management of human resources in terms of the use of information technology in some of the functions of human resources management. There are electronic educational services in universities under study, where there is a general trend for electronic educational services, and there is clarity of the concept of e-learning. The study results showed limited educational and training materials published electronically about the staff. The results of the study confirmed that the university system has statistically significant effects on the provision of electronic educational services in electronic human resources management. The study found several recommendations, the most ones are: the need to take advantage of e-educational services in the activities and functions of human resource management such as training and distance learning. The capabilities are available, but they are not taken advantage in this area for the employee. There is a need for optimum utilization of the tools and means of ICT available in the universities such as internet and computers in completing the work and simplify its procedures, and to consider these tools as investment to the university and not as the possession of the equipment, the goal is to not put a computer and internet line in each employee office, but the goal is to take advantage of the computer, network, and ICT tools in all areas to the maximum extent possible. |
| Keywords: | IT staff,Palestinian universities,Gaza Strip,Electronic human resources management,Electronic educational services |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01500357&r=knm |
| By: | Oleg Curbatov (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - Université Paris 13 - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Marie Louyot-Gallicher (CREG - Centre de recherche et d'études en gestion - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour) |
| Abstract: | Dans cette étude, nous tentons d'analyser le comportement de consommation énergétique des populations fragilisées à partir d'études menées dans trois régions françaises distinctes (Nord, Ile de France et Sud-ouest) en posant la problématique de recherche suivante : face à l'émergence des besoins, quelles sont les ressources et compétences mises en oeuvre pour les satisfaire, et y at -il ou non prise de conscience de la transformation de ces ressources et compétences requises, acquises voire nouvelles ? Dans un contexte difficile et incertain, les populations fragilisées sont amenées à prendre conscience ou non de leurs capacités et développent pour certains des comportements de consommation afin de réaliser des actions et arbitrages leur permettant d'affronter l'adversité et de mobiliser leurs diverses ressources. Nous allons, lors de cette présentation, identifier l'apport de la TCR et du Knowledge Marketing pour la prise de conscience ou non des ressources actionnées. La question de recherche qui accompagne la problématique est la suivante : "Comment le processus de prise de conscience par les populations fragilisées, à partir la mobilisation de leurs ressources et compétences actionnées, transforme leur comportement » ? |
| Keywords: | Knowledge Marketing , Consumer Knowledge, Consummer Skills , TCR |
| Date: | 2017–01–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01422850&r=knm |
| By: | Valentina Llamas (LGP - Laboratoire Génie de Production - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes); Thierry Coudert (LGP - Laboratoire Génie de Production - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes); Laurent Geneste (LGP - Laboratoire Génie de Production - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes); Juan Camilo Romero Bejarano (AXSENS - AXSENS - AXSENS); Aymeric De Valroger (AXSENS - AXSENS - AXSENS) |
| Abstract: | Companies need to become more agile to survive to the unstable and highly changing market-place. This can be achieved through the adaptation and control of their business processes. A process sufficiently structured but not over constrained by standards and based on experience feedback principles is necessary. This article describes a proposition of agile process driven by the reuse of experiences and knowledge. For this purpose, based on Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) principles, the complete lifecycle of an agile process is introduced, from requirements definition, retrieval, reuse, adaptation, and storage steps. Finally, an example applied to the domain of industrial problem solving is presented to illustrate the methodology. |
| Keywords: | Agile manufacturing,Context,Stakeholders,Problem-solving,Standards organizations |
| Date: | 2016–12–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01451886&r=knm |
| By: | Hicham Ezzat (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pascal Le Masson (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Benoit Weil (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | In a fast-changing world, constantly innovating remains one of the principal challenges most organizations are facing nowadays. Survival of organizations became principally linked to the creative generation capacity of their staffs. Nonetheless, fixation imposes a key constraint to the aptitude of individuals to constantly come up with innovative ideas. Numerous studies have highlighted the significant role that could be played by leadership in this regard. Nevertheless, most of these works studied leadership's role from a social perspective, reducing the function of creative leaders as facilitators. From a more cognitive perspective, very few works have shed the light on the role of creative leaders during ideation processes. However, very recent studies showed that leaders could efficiently play the role of de-fixators, by preparing carefully their interventions (instructions, feedbacks, etc.) within the ideation process, according to their capacity to recognize the frontier between fixation and de-fixation of a project. In the present paper, we have furthered these findings, by exploring the effect of feedbacks, in specific cases in which leaders lead their teams in the unknown with imperfect knowledge. Based on varying levels of knowledge (leaders' ability to recognize if a particular idea generated by his team is inside or outside fixation), we implemented a theoretical model for ideation management using design and probability theories. Using a theory-driven experimental procedure, we showed in this paper that leadership strategies for ideation management should adopt less generic and universal tactics (such as brainstorming rules for example), but rather more situational approaches depending on followers' capacity to think out of the dominant design. 2 |
| Keywords: | leadership, creativity, ideation, fixation, contingency,Feedback |
| Date: | 2017–06–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01501808&r=knm |
| By: | Youssef M. Abu Amuna (Department of Information Technology - Al-Azhar University); Mazen J. Al Shobaki (Department of Information Technology - Al-Azhar University); Samy S. Abu Naser (Department of Information Technology - Al-Azhar University) |
| Abstract: | The research aims to identify the role of Knowledge-Based computerized management information systems in the administrative decision-making process and that can lead to a reduction or limitation of potential problems, especially those related to unintended bias and ambiguous, these problems controls the collection of information for the primary knowledge base, and given that the knowledge based systems, computer information systems constitute a dynamic, constructed and programmed throughout specialized knowledge based systems programming languages. That is, they learn from the experience and knowledge gained. They can be used to build intelligent business decision making systems. The research found a set of recommendations, including: the need to use knowledge-based computerized information systems in the administrative decision-making process. And the configuration of tires capable of using modern applications of information technology in various administrative levels. As well as benefit from the advantages offered by the knowledge-based with respect to the effort, time and money and to be able to respond to environmental conditions and changes. |
| Keywords: | knowledge-based systems,Information systems,administrative decisions making |
| Date: | 2017–05–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01522412&r=knm |