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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2016‒08‒14
five papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Barra, Cristian; Maietta, Ornella Wanda; Zotti, Roberto |
| Abstract: | According to the National Innovation System (NIS) approach, the innovative capabilities of a firm are explained by its interactions with other national agents involved in the innovation process and by formal and informal rules that regulate the system. This paper intends to verify how product and process innovation in the European food and drink industry are affected by: i) the NIS structure in terms of universities vs public research labs, faculties/department mix and size; ii) the NIS output in terms of WoS indexed publications vs the supply of graduates; iii) the NIS fragmentation and coordination and iv) the NIS scientific impact and specialisation.The source of data on firm innovation is the EU-EFIGE/Bruegel-UniCredit dataset supplemented by information from the International Handbook of Universities, Eurostat and the bibliometric analysis of academic research quality. The results obtained suggest that large size of public research institutions are detrimental to interactions between university and industry and the indicators used for public research assessment are not appropriate proxies of local knowledge spillovers. |
| Keywords: | university–industry interaction, firm R&D collaboration, product and process innovation, academic research quality, university education, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, O3, I23, D22, R1, |
| Date: | 2016–06–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aiea16:242320&r=knm |
| By: | Wendy C.Y. Li; Bronwyn H. Hall (Bureau of Economic Analysis) |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bea:wpaper:0135&r=knm |
| By: | Christian Fons-Rosen; Vincenzo Scrutinio; Katalin Szemeredi |
| Abstract: | This paper uses the entry of large corporations into U.S. counties during the 1980s and 1990s to analyse the effect of plant opening on knowledge spillovers to local inventors. We use a difference-in-differences identification strategy exploiting information on the revealed ranking of possible locations for large plants in the US. Under the identifying assumption that locations not chosen (losers) are a counterfactual for the chosen location (winner), we find that patents of these large corporations are 68% more likely to be cited in the winning counties relative to the losing counties after entry. The effect materializes after the opening of the plant, rather than after the entry decision itself. The increase in citations is stronger for more recent patents whereas patent quality does not seem to play an important role. We find that the increase in citations is larger from patents belonging to the same technology class of the cited patent. |
| Keywords: | productivity, innovation, knowledge diffusion |
| JEL: | O3 R11 R12 |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1447&r=knm |
| By: | Cristina Cirillo (IPC-IG); Lívia Maria da Costa Nogueira (IPC-IG); Fábio Veras Soares (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "The objective of this paper is to analyse how knowledge-sharing activities between Brazil and several sub-Saharan African countries, in the fields of social protection and food and nutrition security policies and programmes, have directly and/or indirectly influenced African policies and programmes. To this end, the paper provides a summary of the recent evolution of the knowledge-sharing between Brazil and Africa in this area, as well as a summary of a recent consultation with African policymakers involved in knowledge exchange about their experience. This exercise allows us to map the African social protection and food and nutrition security programmes and instruments inspired and encouraged by the Brazilian experiences, and to understand the main challenges of this knowledge-sharing from the point of view of African policymakers". (?) |
| Keywords: | Brazil?Africa, knowledge-sharing, Social Protection, food, nutrition, security |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:wpaper:143&r=knm |
| By: | Wendy C.Y. Li; Bronwyn H. Hall |
| Abstract: | We develop a forward-looking profit model to estimate the depreciation rates of business R&D capital. By using data from Compustat, BEA, and NSF between 1987 and 2008, and the newly developed model, we estimate both constant and time-varying industry-specific R&D depreciation rates. The estimates are the first complete set of R&D depreciation rates for major U.S. high-tech industries. They align with the main conclusions from recent studies that the rates are in general higher than the traditionally assumed 15 percent and vary across industries. The relative ranking of the constant R&D depreciation rates among industries is consistent with industry observations and the industry-specific time-varying rates are informative about the dynamics of technological change and the levels of competition across industries. Lastly, we also present a cross-country comparison of the R&D depreciation rates between the U.S. and Japan, and find that the results reflect the relative technological competitiveness in key industries. |
| JEL: | D20 G12 L20 O30 O32 |
| Date: | 2016–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:22473&r=knm |