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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2016‒03‒23
eight papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Simplice Asongu (Yaoundé/Cameroun); Antonio R. Andrés (Barranquilla, Colombia) |
| Abstract: | In the first critical assessment of knowledge economy dynamic paths in Africa and the Middle East, but for a few exceptions, we find overwhelming support for diminishing cross-country disparities in knowledge-base-economy dimensions. The paper employs all the four components of the World Bank’s Knowledge Economy Index (KEI): economic incentives, innovation, education, and information infrastructure. The main finding suggests that sub-Saharan African (SSA) and the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries with low levels in KE dynamics and catching-up their counterparts of higher KE levels. We provide the speeds of integration and time necessary to achieve full (100%) integration. Policy implications are discussed. |
| Keywords: | Knowledge economy; Principal component analysis; Panel data; Convergence |
| JEL: | F42 O10 O38 O57 P00 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:15/060&r=knm |
| By: | Francisco J. Buera; Ezra Oberfield |
| Abstract: | We provide a tractable theory of innovation and technology diffusion to explore the role of international trade in the process of development. We model innovation and diffusion as a process involving the combination of new ideas with insights from other industries or countries. We provide conditions under which each country's equilibrium frontier of knowledge converges to a Frechet distribution, and derive a system of differential equations describing the evolution of the scale parameters of these distributions, i.e., countries' stocks of knowledge. In particular, the growth of a country's stock of knowledge depends only on its trade shares and the stocks of knowledge of its trading partners. We use the framework to quantify the contribution of bilateral trade costs to cross-sectional TFP differences, long-run changes in TFP, and individual post-war growth miracles. |
| JEL: | F1 F43 O33 O47 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:21844&r=knm |
| By: | Cecere, Grazia; Rexhäuser, Sascha; Schulte, Patrick |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to shed light on the role of technological opportunities for green innovation by studying the case of Green ICT innovation. We test two hypotheses: (1) Firms active in low-opportunity technological areas are less innovative; (2) Firms active in low-opportunity technological areas are more likely to change their direction of technical change. To do so, we construct a firm-level panel data set for the years 1992-2009 combining patent data from the European Patent Office with firm-level data from the German Innovation Panel (Mannheim Innovation Panel). The results are based on dynamic count data estimation models applying General Methods of Moments estimators. Our results support our hypotheses: firms active in low-opportunity technological areas are less innovative but are more likely to switch from pure ICT innovation to Green ICT innovation. |
| Keywords: | technological opportunities,innovation,information and communication technology (ICT),green ICT,firm-level patent data,dynamic count data model |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:15091&r=knm |
| By: | Garicano, Luis; Rayo, Luis |
| Abstract: | An expert with general knowledge trains a cash-constrained novice. Faster training increases the novice’s productivity and his ability to compensate the expert; it also shrinks the stock of knowledge yet to be transferred, reducing the expert’s ability to retain the novice. The profit-maximizing agreement is a multi-period apprenticeship in which knowledge is transferred gradually over time. The expert adopts a " 1/e rule" whereby, at the beginning of the relationship, the novice is trained just enough to produce a fraction 1/e of the efficient output. This rule causes inefficiently lengthy relationships that grow longer the more patient the players. We discuss policy interventions. |
| Keywords: | general human capital; international joint ventures; relational contracts |
| JEL: | D86 J24 L24 M53 |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11138&r=knm |
| By: | Mohamed Jellal (Rabat, Morocco); Mohamed, Bouzahzah (Rabat, Morocco); Simplice Asongu (Yaoundé/Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | This study articulates the interaction between institutional governance, education and economic growth. Given the current pursuit of education policy reforms and knowledge economy around the world, it is of policy relevance to theoretically analyze the main mechanisms by which the macroeconomic impact of education on growth (and economic development) occurs. Our theoretical model demonstrates how incentives offered by the government affect human capital accumulation which ultimately engenders positive economic development externalities. We articulate two main channels through which education affects economic growth. The first channel highlights direct positive effect of educational quality on the incentive to accumulate human capital by individuals, which makes them more productive. The second channel appears in the explicit function of the economic growth rate. As a policy implication, we have shown that the growth rate depends on the rate of return on human capital or that this rate of return itself depends on the quality of governance, which further increases growth. As a result, institutional quality has a double dividend, which suggests considerable benefits to educational reforms. |
| Keywords: | Institutions, Human capital, Education, Growth |
| JEL: | H11 O15 O43 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:15/059&r=knm |
| By: | Johannes Van Der Pol (GRETha / UMR 5113 - Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA) (CNRS /Université de Bordeaux)); Jean-Paul Rameshkoumar (UB - Université de Bordeaux); David Virapin (UB - Université de Bordeaux); Bernard Zozime (UB - Université de Bordeaux) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we study the evolution of the collaboration network of structural composite materials in aeronautics between 1980 and 2013.The network is generated using patent and publication data and analyzed following a macro to micro level methodology. All results and interpretations were discussed and validated by engineers and executives from the relevant sector. The macro analysis shows that the evolution of the network is correlated with the life-cycle of the technology. During the research phase, the network structure converges towards a small world. The network becomes a small world when the development stage of the technology is reached. At this point the newly developed technologies diffuse. The structure then diverges from the small world structure once the technology has been integrated. On a micro level the network shows that two diverging strategies in terms of preferential attachment (Barabási and Albert, 1999) lead to a significant difference in terms of innovative performance. |
| Keywords: | dynamic network,bibliometrics,patents,publications,knowledge diffusion,collaboration network |
| Date: | 2014–12–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01284991&r=knm |
| By: | Mark Kleinman (University of Toronto) |
| Abstract: | Developments in digital innovation and the availability of large-scale data sets create opportunities for new economic activities and new ways of delivering city services while raising concerns about privacy. This paper defines the terms Big Data, Open Data, Open Government, and Smart Cities and uses two case studies – London (U.K.) and Toronto – to examine questions about using data to drive economic growth, improve the accountability of government to citizens, and offer more digitally enabled services. The paper notes that London has been one of a handful of cities at the forefront of the Open Data movement and has been successful in developing its high-tech sector, although it has so far been less innovative in the use of “smart city” technology to improve services and lower costs. Toronto has also made efforts to harness data, although it is behind London in promoting Open Data. Moreover, although Toronto has many assets that could contribute to innovation and economic growth, including a growing high-technology sector, world-class universities and research base, and its role as a leading financial centre, it lacks a clear narrative about how these assets could be used to promote the city. The paper draws some general conclusions about the links between data innovation and economic growth, and between open data and open government, as well as ways to use big data and technological innovation to ensure greater efficiency in the provision of city services. |
| Keywords: | cities, data, innovation |
| JEL: | H70 O38 |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mfg:wpaper:24&r=knm |
| By: | Oasis Kodila-Tedika (Université de Kinshasa Département d’Eco); Simplice Asongu (Yaoundé/Cameroun); Florentin Azia-Dimbu (Université Pédagogique Nationale Faculté) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the relationship between social trust and intelligence. The extreme bound analysis of Levine and Renelt is employed to directly assess the strength of the nexus. The findings confirm the positive and robust nexus between social trust and intelligence. We have contributed to the literature by confirming that the previously established positive linkage between intelligence and trust is not statistically fragile. In fact the nexus withstands further empirical scrutiny with more robust empirical strategies. |
| Keywords: | Trust; Intelligence; Human Capital; Extreme Bound Analysis |
| JEL: | G20 I20 I29 J24 P48 Z13 |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:16/005&r=knm |