|
on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
|
Issue of 2015‒10‒04
five papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Iris Wanzenböck (Innovation Systems Department, Austrian Institute of Technology); Philipp Piribauer (Department of Economics, Vienna University of Economics and Business) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we estimate space-time impacts of the embeddedness in R&D networks on regional knowledge production by means of a dynamic spatial panel data model with non-linear effects for a set of 229 European NUTS-2 regions in the period 1999-2009. Embeddedness refers to the positioning in networks where nodes represent regions that are linked by joint R&D endeavours in European Framework Programmes. We observe positive immediate impacts on regional knowledge production arising from increased embeddedness in EU funded R&D networks, in particular for regions with lower own knowledge endowments. However, long-term impacts of R&D network embeddedness are comparatively small. |
| Keywords: | R&D networks, European Framework Programme, regional knowledge production, dynamic spatial panel data model, space-time impacts |
| JEL: | C33 O31 R12 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwwuw:wuwp207&r=all |
| By: | Daniela Di Cagno (Università LUISS "Guido Carli"); Andrea Fabrizi (Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico); Velentina Meliciani (Università di Teramo); Iris Wanzenböck (Austrian Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the impact of “relational” spillovers arising from participation in European research networks on knowledge creation across European regions. We use links in EU Framework Programmes (from the Fourth to the Seventh) to weight foreign R&D in order to construct a relational distance matrix across 257 European regions over the period 1995-2010. We, then, assess the impact of relational spillovers on regional patent applications controlling also for local spatial spillovers. We find that relational spillovers matter for knowledge creation although spatial contiguity remains a crucial factor. We also find that spillovers are higher when regions with different levels of R&D participate in European networks. . |
| Keywords: | Relational spillovers, R&D collaboration, knowledge, EU Framework Programmes, spatial correlation, patents. |
| JEL: | O31 R12 C23 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lui:lleewp:15116&r=all |
| By: | Braunerhjelm, Pontus (Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies (CESIS), Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), & Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum); Ding, Ding (Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies (CESIS), & Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)); Thulin, Per (Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies (CESIS), Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), & Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum) |
| Abstract: | According to the knowledge-based spillover theory of entrepreneurship (KSTE), entrepreneurship is positively associated with the knowledge endowment level. An increase in knowledge expands the opportunity set, which is then exploited by heterogeneous entrepreneurs. The objective of this paper is to empirically test the validity of the KSTE by employing a detailed database comprising more than 19 million observations for the period 2001–2008 at the level of individuals, firms and regions in Sweden. Knowledge is claimed to be partly embodied in labour, implying that an increase in labour mobility can be expected to influence knowledge endowment at the regional level. Our dependent variable is an individual who has remained in a region throughout the time period considered. Controlling for a number of other variables, inter-regional labour inflows and intra-regional mobility levels are shown to exert a strong positive effect on entrepreneurship. This contrasts with inter-regional outflows, which negatively affect entrepreneurial entry. Another noteworthy result is that the probability of exploiting an increased knowledge stock through entrepreneurship increases by 15 percentage points if the individual has previous experience in starting a firm. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship; Knowledge-based spillover theory of entrepreneurship; Knowledge diffusion; Labour mobility |
| JEL: | J61 L26 O33 |
| Date: | 2015–09–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0422&r=all |
| By: | Chu, Angus C.; Furukawa, Yuichi; Zhu, Dongming |
| Abstract: | In this note, we explore the implications of cultural preference for education in an innovation-driven growth model that features an interaction between endogenous human capital accumulation and technological progress. Parents invest in children's education partly due to the preference for their children to be educated. We consider a preference parameter that measures the degree of this parental or cultural preference for education. We find that a higher degree of parental preference for education increases human capital, which is conducive to innovation, but the increase in education investment also crowds out resources for R&D investment. As a result, a stronger cultural preference for education has an inverted-U effect on the steady-state equilibrium growth rate. We also analytically derive the complete transitional path of the equilibrium growth rate and find that an increase in the degree of education preference has an initial negative effect on economic growth. |
| Keywords: | economic growth, human capital, education, culture |
| JEL: | E24 O31 O41 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:66883&r=all |
| By: | Carlo Vercellone (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS) |
| Abstract: | La place grandissante de la connaissance et de la dimension cognitive du travail est l’un des traits marquants du nouveau capitalisme. Toutefois, le rôle clé que la connaissance joue dans la dynamique économique, n’est pas en tant que tel une nouveauté historique. Les questions qui se posent et qui ont constitué le point de départ du programme de recherche sur le capitalisme cognitif peuvent alors être formulées en ces termes : quels sont les outils les plus adaptés pour appréhender le rôle nouveau de la connaissance dans l’accumulation du capital ? Et surtout, quelles sont les relations qu’elle entretient avec les métamorphoses du travail et de la régulation du rapport salarial ? Pour contribuer à répondre à ces questions, on partira de certains fondements marxiens pour l’élaboration d’une économie historique de la connaissance qui met l’accent sur les enjeux de savoir et de pouvoir se nouant autour de l’organisation de la production. Puis, nous caractérisons à l’aide de quelques faits stylisés le rôle joué par la connaissance dans la mutation actuelle du rapport capital/travail en soulignant les contradictions opposant la logique du capitalisme cognitif et les conditions de reproduction d’une société de la connaissance. |
| Keywords: | capitalisme cognitif, rapport capital/travail, Marx ,division cognitive du travail,économie de la connaissance |
| Date: | 2015–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-01197415&r=all |