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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2015‒07‒25
six papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Martin, Roman (CIRCLE, Lund University); Trippl, Michaela (CIRCLE, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | This paper extends research on long-term cluster evolution with a context sensitive conceptual framework that highlights how configurations of regional innovation systems (RIS), their knowledge base specificities and policy actions can shape cluster development and transformation. By doing so, we redress the neglect of regional context specific factors by current accounts of cluster life cycle models. The empirical part of the paper deals with the evolution of the ICT cluster in Scania, southern Sweden. The emergence of the cluster in the early 1980s was enabled by a strong analytical and synthetic knowledge base in the region, and the subsequent growth was driven by intense collaboration between industry and academia. The changing geography of the ICT industry in the past decade brought along new challenges for the existing companies and led to a transformation of the cluster towards a new growth trajectory. Cluster transformation was facilitated by policy actions that promoted symbolic knowledge activities in the region. The strategy was to combine existing competences in mobile communication with new competences in media and design, and to develop new industrial activities around the theme of New Media, which integrates analytical, synthetic and symbolic knowledge. In the case of Scania, the endowment of the RIS of a variety of knowledge bases and their combination has led to successful cluster development in spite of challenges resulting from changing socio-economic conditions. |
| Keywords: | Cluster evolution; knowledge bases; regional innovation systems; innovation policy; ICT; New Media; Sweden |
| JEL: | B52 O33 O38 |
| Date: | 2015–07–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2015_024&r=knm |
| By: | Radhe Shyam Sharma (Chowdhary Devi Lal University) |
| Abstract: | Universities play an important role as leaders in teaching and learning, in education, research and technology. In teaching activities, universities provide the professional training for high-level jobs, as well as the education necessary for the development of the personality. The role of the universities is very important to all sectors from social as well legal point of view. Graduates of all disciplines need knowledge about sustainability also. Universities can help in providing with the new knowledge and skills needed to meet the challenges of sustainable development in a community, in raising public awareness and providing preconditions for informed decision-making, responsible behavior and consumer choice. Universities are considered to have been regarded as key institutions in processes of social change and development. The most important role they have been assigned is the production of highly skilled manpower and research output to meet perceived targets. Another role that universities may play is in the building of new institutions of civil society, in developing new cultural values, and in training and socializing people of new social era. In this paper focus will be on highlighting the role of universities in bringing out Economic, political, social and cultural transformation in the society from legal point of view as well. The impact of education for transformation of society is also discussed. |
| Keywords: | University, Research, Civil Society |
| JEL: | I29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604181&r=knm |
| By: | Marchese, carla; Privileggi, Fabio (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | Mainstream endogenous growth models assume that new knowledge is embodied into new intermediate or final goods, monopolistically supplied by the patent holder. Recent technological progress, however, often gives rise to pure intellectual contents, such as software codes or business models, directly usable in the production of final goods. Once a content of this type has been produced, it is in fixed supply, that is, the inventor can only rent it out (or sell it) or not; hence the quantity restriction typical of monopoly cannot arise, while competition is viable (Chantrel et al., 2012; Marchese and Privileggi, 2014). We show that, however, as long as the inventor owning a patent can control through license activation devices the access to the intellectual content of the workers using her invention in the final goods production, monopolistic exploitation becomes viable and will occur. It turns out that in this framework both the level of wages and of consumption and the rate of growth of the economy are smaller than in the first best, while with elastic labor supply also labor employment is negatively impacted. This implies that some standard public policies devised for correcting ineciencies in development can perform poorly in this framework. |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:dipeco:201525&r=knm |
| By: | Radhi Alshehri (Family and Community Medicine Dept., Faculty Medicine, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia); Abd Alla Al-Temani (Family and Community Medicine Dept., Faculty Medicine, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia); Abdulrahman Alwakeel (Family and Community Medicine Dept., Faculty Medicine, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia); Ahmed Eltobgy (Family and Community Medicine Dept., Faculty Medicine, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia); Ibrahim Abdelhafiz (Family and Community Medicine Dept., Faculty Medicine, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia) |
| Abstract: | Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major global health problem with individual, social and economical consequences. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia is very high (23.9%) and ranked seventh among the top 10 countries around the word. Plausible reasons for the steady increase in the prevalence of DM in many countries may include poor lifestyle, rapid westernization, lack of knowledge and unsatisfactory attitude and practices towards DM among the general population and diabetic patients. Therefore, Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) studies are effective in providing baseline data for evaluating intervention programs and improving the service quality.Objectives: The specific objectives were to describe the general characteristics of diabetic patients; to determine the degrees of knowledge, attitudes and practice of diabetic patients regarding the pertinent preventive issues; and to examine the interrelated plausible factors of inadequate DM management.Materials and Methods: The clinical epidemiological approach was selected as a suitable investigation strategy in which a cross-sectional analytic research design has been adopted to examine the current diabetic health problem. The systematic stage random sampling technique was applied to recruit a sample size of 5% diabetic patients (102) from the diabetic center in King Khalid hospital. An interviewing questionnaire was constructed covered the pertinent dependent (knowledge, attitudes and practice) and independent (age, sex, occupation, education, income, marital status and type of diabetes) variables. The questionnaire has been tested and proved valid and reliable during the preparatory research phase. Data have been managed using SPSS v.22.Results: The mean age of the studied diabetic patients was 37.47±14.25 years. The sex distribution was 39.20% (males) and 59.80% females. Most of the studied patients (61.80%) had inadequate knowledge about DM, while, positive attitudes (94.90%) and sound practice (80.40%) were satisfactory. Significant plausible factors have been adequately described and analyzed.Conclusions: Addressing the importance of diabetic knowledge and relevant plausible factors such as poor self-management, lack of motivation, inadequate social support are necessary for sustained life style modification behavior. A patient/self-empowerment approach to diabetes care may enhance the efficiency of DM prevention and control programs.Reference: 1. International Diabetic Federation (IDF), Diabetes Atlas Sixth edition, 2014. |
| Keywords: | Diabetes Mellitus, KAP, Prevalence, Saudi Arabia |
| JEL: | I10 I18 I19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2603437&r=knm |
| By: | Sukun Jin (Konkuk University); Jeho Lee (Gyeongin National University of Education) |
| Abstract: | ICT education is an essential part of education programs for gifted students as it is for general students. In order to develop curriculum for enhancing ICT competencies of gifted students, we should be able to identify and define ICT-based core competencies themselves as the initial stage. This research was conducted as the first part for developing ICT education programs for gifted students in Science. We surveyed 232 experts, most of whom are teaching gifted students in science. As the results, we could verify that ICT education should be an important and essential aspect of gifted education, and that Lee's(2013) model can be useful frameworks for educating those ICT competencies for gifted students. Lee(2013) suggested a model named "ICT-based core competencies for the Creative and talented of the future society" which was developed for educating gifted students. This model is composed of three core competencies, which are (1) knowledge and skills competency(K&S), (2) synthesis and creativity competency(S&C), and (3) creative mind competency(CM). In this model, each core competency is made of three factors(ex, K&S of pursuing knowledge in various areas, design ability, and realization ability), and each factor is made of three elements(ex, realization ability of programing, precision, and utilizing resources) We expect that ICT education can be effectively and efficiently developed and conducted by using Lee's model.* This research was conducted as part of KOFAC(Korea Foundation for the Advancement of Science and Creativity)'s research support program. |
| Keywords: | ICT Competency, ICT Education, Gifted Education |
| JEL: | I29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604504&r=knm |
| By: | Marta Matul (University of Economics in Bratislava); Daniela Breveníková (University of Economics in Bratislava) |
| Abstract: | Management of further corporate education is an important part of human resources development HRD) in an organisation. Its aim is to ensure the development of human resources by means of applying methods of innovative education, the focus of which is on the effective improvement of work performance. Motivating employees and developing a highly efficient education system leads to high performance, increase in employees’ knowledge and skills, and satisfying customer needs. The aim of the present paper is to describe methods of education applied in real-life conditions of Slovak enterprises and characterise employee attitudes to further corporate education, currently most frequently applied methods in further corporate education, e.g. coaching, mentoring, action learning, teamworking or case studies.The paper is a partial result of the authors’ output from third stage the research project KEGA 006EU-4/2013 – |
| Keywords: | Human resource development (HRD), corporate education, coaching, mentoring, case studies, motivation, work performance. |
| JEL: | I29 J24 I25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604307&r=knm |