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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2015‒05‒16
seven papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Maldonado, Mauricio (University of Chile); Noronha Vaz, Teresa (University of Algarve) |
| Abstract: | Studies of local knowledge spillovers have often focused on empirical evidence for core regions, and been related largely to manufacturing, neglecting behavior in less innovative economic sectors in peripheral regions. Tourism in the Algarve region is the main engine of its regional economy. Although frequently considered as a low-moderate innovative sector, competitive tourism firms are becoming increasingly Knowledge Intensive, which may create positive advantages for regional growth. This may improve conditions for the creation and diffusion of knowledge, with cooperative and collaborative interaction contributing to the consolidation of a regional innovation system (RIS). The goal of this study is to provide preliminary evidence of the main sources and vehicles of regional knowledge spillovers affecting tourism firms in the Algarve, generally considered to be a peripheral region. The main sources of knowledge used by micro and small tourism firms (MSTF) are human resources and formal and informal networks. This study detected specific features of a regional innovation platform which, eventually, may give way to a RIS. |
| Keywords: | Tourism; Innovation; Knowledge Spillover; Knowledge Intensive Services; Regional Innovation System; Algarve Region |
| JEL: | P25 |
| Date: | 2015–05–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:cieodp:2015_004&r=knm |
| By: | CHRISTINA KAKDERI (ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI); DIMITRA KONSTANTINIDOU (ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI) |
| Abstract: | The role of human capital for innovation and economic development is widely acknowledged. Yet, though the connection of knowledge and capabilities to innovation has been recognized as early as the theory of Schumpeter (1934), it was the endogenous growth models which emphasized this link and underlined the importance of human capital, due to its effects both on the level of productivity and on the creation of externalities in the form of knowledge spillovers (Romer, 1990). At the same time, along with the growing importance that was given to space and regional economics, different aspects of human capital have come to prominence and were connected to the development, concentration and diffusion of knowledge in space. Knowledge, skills and capabilities, components embedded in human beings, as well as the social networking and the employment mobility, constitute basic components for regional competitiveness in theories of regional innovation that have emerged and expressed with concepts such as the ‘learning region’ (Morgan, 1997; Florida, 1995), ‘innovative milieu’ (Crevoisier, 2001), ‘industrial districts’ (Becatinni, 1992), ‘regional innovation systems’ (Cooke et al., 1997) and ‘intelligent cities/districts’ (Komninos, 2002, 2008, 2014). The paper reviews the literature and describes four basic dimensions of innovation for spatial development (in-house innovation, knowledge spillovers and innovation networks, open innovation, spatial and collective intelligence) which underline the importance of different aspects of human capabilities. Based on a simple methodology similar to the UNDP’s Human Development Index, this paper calculates a measure of regional development in the EU regions giving emphasis to the aspects of human capabilities that contribute to innovation. Conclusions are drawn by comparing the results of this composite indicator with GDP-based development indexes as well as the innovation scoreboard. |
| Keywords: | human capital, human capabilities, innovation, spatial development |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003819&r=knm |
| By: | Andriy Karakuts (Donetsk National University); Valeriya Podunay (Donetsk National University) |
| Abstract: | The paper considers the interdependence between the formation of the country's economy based on knowledge, its competitiveness and pace of economic development. Shows the ranking of countries in the Global Competitiveness Index and the indices that characterize the knowledge economy. On the basis of a comparative analysis concluded that the country's competitiveness level depends on scientific and technological development, and the states leading the global innovation space were singled out. With the help of comparative analysis of positioning on the index of the knowledge economy and knowledge index makes it possible to distinguish knowledge exporting countries and knowledge importing countries. A cluster analysis made it possible to establish that the orientation of the economy more towards the production and export of knowledge leads to the acceleration of economic growth and competitiveness, and to identify the tendency of increasing of the share of exporting knowledge countries. This paper uses a methodology of World Economic Forum for assessing the country's competitiveness index, the World Bank methodology expertise of knowledge economy and other methodologies to assess the level of innovation development of economy of the world. |
| Keywords: | competitiveness, economic development, knowledge economy, innovation, research and technological development. |
| JEL: | O33 A14 R11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1004011&r=knm |
| By: | De Rosa, Marcello; Bartoli, Luca; Chiappini, Silvia |
| Abstract: | The paper deals with the support system of geographical indications (GIs): more precisely, it aims at investigating the territorial dynamics of the rural knowledge, by analysing the role of agricultur al extension systems (AES) as tool to support farm’s management and innovation in GI areas. By putting forward a milieu innovateur approach, we intend to verify eventual differences between GI and not GI farms in knowledge transfer and innovation adoption. Interaction and learning logics at the basis of this approach confirm differences even though with some exception based on territorial characteristics and models of AES governance. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Extension, Innovative Milieus, GI, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa145:200228&r=knm |
| By: | Ugur, Mehmet; Solomon, Edna; Guidi, Francesco; Trushin, Eshref |
| Abstract: | Effects of R&D investment on frim/industry productivity have been investigated widely thanks to pioneering contributions by Zvi Griliches and others in late 1970s and early 1980s. We aim to establish where the balance of the evidence lies and what factors may explain the variation in the research findings. Using 1,258 estimates from 65 primary studies and hierarchical meta-regression models, we report that the average elasticity and rate-of-return estimates are both positive, but smaller than those reported in prior narrative reviews and meta-analysis studies. We discuss the likely sources of upward bias in prior reviews, investigate the sources of heterogeneity in the evidence base, and discuss the implications for future research. Overall, this study contributes to existing knowledge by placing the elasticity and rate-of-return estimates under a critical spot light and providing empirically-verifiable explanations for the variation in the evidence base. |
| Keywords: | R&D,knowledge capital,productivity,meta-analysis |
| JEL: | D24 O30 O32 C49 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:109962&r=knm |
| By: | Hemmert, Martin |
| Abstract: | Informal social ties have long been recognized as relevant not only for interaction between individuals, but also for knowledge transfer and other important outcomes of business activities. This applies in particular to East Asian countries such as South Korea where informal networks are widely believed to be prevalent in economy and society. However, less is known about their role in inter-organizational collaboration efforts, such as research collaborations. This research examines the relevance of inter-personal and inter-organizational ties for interaction quality and outcomes of research collaborations in South Korea. Two types of research collaborations are studied: new product development (NPD) collaborations between companies and university-industry research collaborations (UICs). Inter-personal ties are found in a majority of both types of collaborations being studied. However, whereas inter-organizational tie strength is strongly related to interaction quality and outcomes of research partnerships, inter-personal ties are not. Implications for research and for the management of inter-organizational research collaborations are shown. |
| Keywords: | social ties,research collaborations,interaction quality,knowledge acquisition,Korea |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:udedao:1022015&r=knm |
| By: | Schilirò, Daniele |
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on innovation as the main driver of the competitiveness and market success of small and medium enterprises in the United Arab Emirates. The study overviews the still limited literature dedicated to innovation in SMEs in the UAE. It also analyzes the innovation model of small and medium enterprises in the UAE, and focuses particularly on Dubai’s SMEs. The paper highlights the need to strengthen the entrepreneurial culture and promote the development of innovative SMEs with high value added in the UAE. The general purpose of this study is to contribute to the business and innovation literature on SMEs in the context of an emerging economy, namely the United Arab Emirates. |
| Keywords: | Innovation; SMEs; Firm Strategy; Business Model; UAE’s Economy |
| JEL: | L0 L53 M21 O31 |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:64309&r=knm |