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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2014‒07‒13
twelve papers chosen by Laura Stefanescu European Research Centre of Managerial Studies in Business Administration |
| By: | PETIT Isabelle |
| Abstract: | The PACA region has announced that its regional innovation strategy is the perspective of societal innovation. This type of innovation is still unclear; the concept of social innovation is better defined. Yet, there is, in the academic world mainly North |
| Keywords: | social innovation, cluster |
| Date: | 2014–06–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipg:wpaper:2014-379&r=knm |
| By: | Matthias Siller; Christoph Hauser; Janette Walde; Gottfried Tappeiner |
| Abstract: | Measuring innovation activities involves critical decisions in selecting appropriate indicators and levels of observation. The present article contributes to the literature on this subject by addressing innovation measurement on the regional level. The dimensionality of regional innovation is examined by applying a principal component analysis on seven innovation output indicators in European regions from the Community Innovation Survey and two traditional indicators, i.e. patent applications and R&D expenses. The analysis reveals that regional innovation indeed needs to be regarded as a multidimensional concept involving technological, commercial and service innovation. These distinct innovation activities exhibit clear regional patterns with both technological and service innovation concentrated in highly developed territories and urban areas displaying particularly strong innovation performance in services. In addition, commercially successful innovation appears clustered in backward regions and may thus be seen as imitation efforts and technology transfers from areas at the innovation frontier. Overall, the elaborated findings suggest that the selection of innovation indicators in empirical analyses demands appropriate motivation and theoretical guidance. |
| Keywords: | regional innovation, innovation dimensions, Principal Component Analysis, patent applications, Community Innovation Survey |
| JEL: | R11 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2014–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:inn:wpaper:2014-19&r=knm |
| By: | Caroline Mothe; Uyen T. Nguyen-Thi; Phu Nguyen-Van |
| Abstract: | We empirically investigate the pattern of complementarity between four organizational practices. Firm-level data were drawn from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) carried out in 2008 in Luxembourg. Supermodularity tests confirm the crucial role of organizational innovation in raising firms’ technological innovation. The pattern of complementarity between organizational practices differs according to the type of innovation, i.e. product or process innovation, but also according to whether the firm is in the first stage of the innovation process (i.e. being innovative or not) or in a later stage (i.e. innovation performance in terms of sales of new products). |
| Keywords: | Complementarity, Organizational innovation, Substitution, Supermodularity, Technological innovation. |
| JEL: | D22 O32 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2014-12&r=knm |
| By: | PETIT Isabelle |
| Abstract: | Up to now the company was interested mainly in technological innovation ; social innovation |
| Keywords: | Social innovation, societal innovation, social entreprise, Bottom of the Pyramid, Bop, social |
| Date: | 2014–06–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipg:wpaper:2014-368&r=knm |
| By: | Kaies Samet; Frédéric Teulon |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the behavioural finance aspects of developed countries which invest significantly in R&D, while trying to benefit from this investment, within the framework of the so called ‘creative intelligence’. At this level, creative intellige |
| Keywords: | creative intelligence; behavioural finance; developed countries; R&D; innovation; technological change; patent; human capital; horizontal innovation; vertical innovation; stock markets. |
| Date: | 2014–06–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipg:wpaper:2014-362&r=knm |
| By: | Keiichi Kishi (Graduate School of Economics, Osaka University) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we introduce into a Schumpeterian growth model an inventive step: a minimum innovation size required for patents, which is a patentability requirement. We show that each R&D firm targets only the industries that the incumbentfs technology is sufficiently obsolete in order to satisfy an inventive step requirement. This is because a technological gap between innovator and incumbent is larger in the industries that use older technology. Under the circumstance, strengthening an inventive step requirement reduces the industries targeted by R&D, on the other hand, increases R&D investments to the targeted industries. Consequently, we find a nonmonotonic effect of the inventive step on the aggregate flow of innovations. |
| Keywords: | Technological progress, Innovations, Intellectual property rights |
| JEL: | O31 O34 O41 |
| Date: | 2014–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osk:wpaper:1427&r=knm |
| By: | Antonelli, Cristiano; Fassio, Claudio (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | The paper implements the Schumpeterian notion of creative reaction to articulate and test the hypothesis that the shift to the knowledge economy in advanced economies is the result of the creative reaction of firms, caught in out - of - equilibrium conditions by the fast globalization of product and factor markets since the last decades of the XX century. Advanced countries specialized in the generation and exploitation of knowledge because of its relative abundance stemming from their sophisticated knowledge governance mechanisms and the larges tock of knowledg. On its turn this had strong ositive effects on TFP . The empirical analysis confirms that in advanced economies the specialization in knowledge - based activities substituted the previous specialization in mass-manufacturing activities supporting the increase of TFP. The new specialization in knowledge intensive activities has been stronger the larger was the exposition to international trade, the intensity of patent activities and the revenue per capita. |
| Date: | 2014–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:labeco:201407&r=knm |
| By: | Emilie Roger; Agnès Lancini; Dominique Bonet Fernandez |
| Abstract: | This paper presents an overview of literature on control of knowledge management from a strategic supplier perspective in a relational approach. Based on resources and skills theories, power and leadership constitute the theoretical framework adopted. |
| Keywords: | Control, knowledge management, strategic supplier, relational perspective. |
| Date: | 2014–06–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipg:wpaper:2014-400&r=knm |
| By: | Valeria Costantini (Department of Economics, Roma Tre University, Roma (Italy).); Francesco Crespi (Department of Economics, Roma Tre University, Roma (Italy).); Ylenia Curci (Department of Economics, Roma Tre University, Roma (Italy).) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we propose an innovative methodology that aims to solve drawbacks related to how patent data are allocated and organized in international databases. We propose as a case study the biofuels sector, in order to evaluate the validity of such a method. Starting with a systematic mapping of biofuels production value chain, we have built a comprehensive description of the biofuels technological domain. The resulting list of keywords relies on an iterative selection approach, based on an analysis of recent scientific literature combined with the keyword search tool developed by Scopus. The final patent database, BioPat, has been finalized by a validation procedure with the help of expert interviews, revealing improved accuracy compared with standard IPC-based codes. Collected information in BioPat allows us to derive more intriguing insights on the characteristics and evolution of technological patterns in the biofuels sector with respect to standard classification methods. |
| Keywords: | patents classification, keyword selection, innovation patterns, liquid biofuels, knowledge complexity. |
| JEL: | O31 O33 Q42 |
| Date: | 2014–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:1714&r=knm |
| By: | Pelkonen, Antti – Thomas |
| Abstract: | While societal expectations for university research have grown, university research has become more and more dependent on external funding sources. External funding has substantially increased at Finnish – and also UK – universities, and currently in practice a major share of university research is conducted with external funding. This report relates the main findings of a study that analysed the use of project-based research funding instruments at universities, most of which are external. The main focus in the study is on the aspects of novelty and creativity in research and the question of the extent to which different research funding instruments promote these aspects of research. This report draws on different data sources, but mostly on the UNI project (Universities, funding systems, and the renewal of the industrial knowledge base), funded by Tekes innovation research instrument. The major findings include an observation that Finnish research funding system lacks a funder that would strongly encourage risk-taking and novel approaches. Discontinuity and instability of research funding appears as a major challenge for research. There seems to be an overall increase of thematically predefined funding vis-à-vis free researcher-driven funding and close attention should be paid to this balance. Differences between Finland and the UK in terms of novelty generation turned out to be smaller than orignally expected. |
| Keywords: | funding, university research, novelty |
| JEL: | O38 O39 |
| Date: | 2014–06–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:report:29&r=knm |
| By: | Alberto Galasso; Mark Schankerman |
| Abstract: | Cumulative innovation is central to economic growth. Do patent rights facilitate or impede follow-on innovation? We study the causal effect of removing patent rights by court invalidation on subsequent research related to the focal patent, as measured by later citations. We exploit random allocation of judges at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit to control for endogeneity of patent invalidation. Patent invalidation leads to a 50 percent increase in citations to the focal patent, on average, but the impact is heterogeneous and depends on characteristics of the bargaining environment. Patent rights block downstream innovation in computers, electronics and medical instruments, but not in drugs, chemicals or mechanical technologies. Moreover, the effect is entirely driven by invalidation of patents owned by large patentees that triggers more follow-on innovation by small firms. |
| JEL: | O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2014–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:20269&r=knm |
| By: | Cardamone, Paola |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of research and development (R&D) on productivity by taking into account productivity spillovers. To this end, by using a sample of Italian manufacturing firms provided by the Xth UniCredit-Capitalia survey (2008), which covers the period 2004-2006, we have analyzed the role of R&D in firm productivity by using a spatial autoregressive model. In so doing, we have allowed the total factor productivity (TFP) of each firm to be affected by the TFP of nearby firms. Results show that R&D play an important role in Italian firm productivity. Moreover, we find evidence in favor of productivity spillovers across firms due to spatial proximity. In addition, intrasectoral R&D spillovers seem to have a relevant effect on firm productivity, while intersectoral R&D spillovers do not have a significant effect. |
| Keywords: | R&D, TFP, spillovers, spatial econometrics, Italian manufacturing firms |
| JEL: | C21 D24 O33 |
| Date: | 2014–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:57149&r=knm |