nep-knm New Economics Papers
on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy
Issue of 2012‒12‒22
five papers chosen by
Laura Stefanescu
European Research Centre of Managerial Studies in Business Administration

  1. Is Innovative Firm Behavior Correlated with Age and Gender Composition of the Workforce? Evidence from a New Type of Data for German Enterprises By Pfeifer, Christian; Wagner, Joachim
  2. Unleashing Business Innovation in Canada By Alexandra Bibbee
  3. Financial Constraints, Innovation Performance, and Sectoral Disaggregation By Georgios Efthyvoulou; Priit Vahter
  4. Environmental Innovation in Germany By Ivan Haščič
  5. Offshoring of Research & Development in the US Semiconductor Industry – A Survey of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises By Michael Gusenbauer

  1. By: Pfeifer, Christian (Leuphana University Lüneburg); Wagner, Joachim (Leuphana University Lüneburg)
    Abstract: This empirical research note documents the relationship between composition of a firm's workforce (with a special focus on age and gender) and its performance with respect to innovative activities (outlays and employment in research and development (R&D)) for a large representative sample of enterprises from manufacturing industries in Germany using unique newly available data. We find that firms with a higher share of older workers have significantly lower proportions of R&D outlays in total revenues and of R&D employment in total employment, whereas firms with a higher share of female employment seem to be more active in R&D.
    Keywords: ageing, firm performance, gender, Germany, innovation, R&D
    JEL: D22 D24 J21 J24 L25
    Date: 2012–11
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7050&r=knm
  2. By: Alexandra Bibbee
    Abstract: This paper discusses how to improve Canada’s business innovation in order to boost labour productivity and output growth. Many general framework conditions are highly favourable to business risk-taking and innovation, including macro stability, openness, strong human capital, low corporate tax rates, low barriers to firm entry and flexible labour markets. However, they can be improved further by reduced external and interprovincial barriers in network and professional service sectors, more efficient capital markets, fewer capital tax distortions and improved patent protection. A second focus should be on ensuring that incentives arising from government subsidies are targeted on actual market failures. The very high level of support to business R&D via the federal Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) tax credit and provincial top-ups may affect the incentives of small firms to grow and should be redesigned. A plethora of small, fragmented granting programmes, mainly geared to SMEs, should be streamlined for better government-business collaboration. The large public share in venture capital should be wound down, as it may crowd out more productive private finance. A final focus should be on boosting manager and worker skills that are intrinsic to all forms of innovation, by filling gaps in training, mentoring and education. This Working Paper relates to the 2012 OECD Economic Review of Canada (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Canada).<P>Libérer l'innovation des entreprises au Canada<BR>Cette étude se penche sur la manière de renforcer l’innovation dans les entreprises canadiennes afin de stimuler la productivité de la main-d’oeuvre et la croissance de la production. De nombreuses conditions-cadres canadiennes sont très propices à la prise de risques et à l’innovation dans les entreprises : stabilité macroéconomique, ouverture sur l’extérieur, solidité du capital humain, faible imposition des bénéfices des sociétés, rareté des obstacles à l’entrée des entreprises sur le marché, flexibilité des marchés du travail. Ces conditions-cadres peuvent toutefois s’améliorer encore grâce à une diminution des barrières extérieures et interprovinciales dans les secteurs des réseaux et des services professionnels, à une plus grande efficience des marchés financiers, à de moindres distorsions de l’imposition du capital et à une meilleure protection des brevets. Un deuxième axe pourrait consister à s’assurer que les incitations découlant des subventions de la puissance publique ciblent bien les carences effectives du marché. Il se peut que le très fort soutien à la R-D des entreprises représenté par le crédit d’impôt fédéral pour la RS&DE (recherche scientifique et développement expérimental) et par ses compléments provinciaux entame le désir de croissance des petites entreprises ; peut-être donc faudrait-il redessiner ces aides. La kyrielle de petits programmes fragmentaires de subventionnement visant principalement les PME devrait être rationalisée pour améliorer la coopération entre le milieu universitaire et le monde de l’entreprise. Il faudrait réduire la trop grande place des fonds publics dans le capital-risque, car il se peut qu’elle évince des financements privés plus productifs. Un dernier axe devrait, par des actions cherchant à combler les lacunes de formation, de tutorat et d’enseignement, privilégier la stimulation des compétences de l’encadrement et du personnel qui s’appliquent à toutes les formes d’innovation. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE du Canada 2012 (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/Canada).
    Keywords: productivity, venture capital, competition, innovation, vouchers, subsidies, research and development, business taxes, intellectual property rights, multifactor productivity, entrepreneurship, patents, technology transfer, intangibles, angel investing, R&D tax credits, academic research grants, productivité, capital-risque, innovation, concurrence, subvention, productivité multifactorielle, entrepreneuriat, brevets, transfert de technologie, impôt sur les sociétés, recherche et développement, biens immatériels, tutorat-investissement, crédits d’impôt pour la R-D, subventions pour la recherche universitaire, bons, droits de propriété intellectuelle
    JEL: H25 I23 O31 O32 O34 O38
    Date: 2012–10–29
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:997-en&r=knm
  3. By: Georgios Efthyvoulou (Department of Economics, The University of Sheffield); Priit Vahter (Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu, Estonia)
    Abstract: How do the effects of financial constraints on innovation performance vary by sector and firm characteristics? This paper uses innovation survey data from eleven European countries to examine the heterogeneity of these effects. So far, there has been a lack of cross-country micro-level studies exploring the effects of financial constraints on innovation performance in Western Europe and only little research about the variability of such effects between the broad sectors of production and services. Our results suggest that the impact of direct measures of financial barriers differs in production and services sectors, and also by the firm’s export orientation. In particular, financial constraints appear to have more pronounced negative effects in the production sector than in the services sector. Among different types of firms, the response to financial constraints seems to be stronger for non-exporters.
    Keywords: financial constraints; innovation
    JEL: L1 L2 O1 O3
    Date: 2012
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shf:wpaper:2012030&r=knm
  4. By: Ivan Haščič
    Abstract: This paper reviews the recent experience of Germany in encouraging innovation to reduce negative environmental impacts of economic activity. The essence of the German approach to policy-induced environmental innovation is discussed in the context of changing policy objectives, and illustrated with selected examples from waste management, renewable energy and transportation. The paper covers environmental and general innovation policies and the cross-cutting issue of policy co-ordination. Particular attention is paid to analysis of policies to promote renewable energy, including feed-in tariffs, and policies to promote advanced transportation.<BR>Ce document analyse le bilan de l’action menée dans un passé récent en Allemagne pour encourager une innovation tournée vers la réduction des effets négatifs de l’activité économique sur l’environnement. La nature profonde de l’approche de l’Allemagne, qui mise sur le développement d’innovations environnementales sous l’impulsion des politiques publiques, est examinée dans le contexte de l’évolution des objectifs de l’action publique, et illustrée par plusieurs exemples portant sur la gestion des déchets, les énergies renouvelables et les transports. Ce document aborde les politiques en faveur de l’innovation environnementale et de l’innovation en général, de même que la question transversale de la coordination des politiques. Une attention particulière est portée à l’analyse des mesures visant à promouvoir les énergies renouvelables – dont les tarifs de rachat – et des mesures visant à promouvoir les technologies avancées de transport.
    Keywords: environmental policy, innovation, technology, eco-innovation, policy coordination, politique environnementale, innovation, technologie, éco-innovation, coordination des politiques
    JEL: H23 O31 O33 O38 O52 Q42 Q48 Q53 Q54 Q55 Q58 R48
    Date: 2012–12–12
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:53-en&r=knm
  5. By: Michael Gusenbauer
    Date: 2012–09–26
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwneu:neurusp153&r=knm

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