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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2012‒12‒15
ten papers chosen by Laura Stefanescu European Research Centre of Managerial Studies in Business Administration |
| By: | Faridah Djellal (CLERSE - Centre lillois d'études et de recherches sociologiques et économiques - CNRS : UMR8019 - Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies); Faïz Gallouj (CLERSE - Centre lillois d'études et de recherches sociologiques et économiques - CNRS : UMR8019 - Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies) |
| Abstract: | Après une longue phase de méconnaissance et de sous-estimation, la question de l'innovation dans les services est désormais prise au sérieux dans la théorie économique, comme dans les politiques publiques. Tel n'est pas encore toujours le cas de l'innovation dans les services publics. L'objectif de cet article est de proposer une relecture de la littérature sur l'innovation dans les services à la lumière des services publics. En nous appuyant sur la grille assimilation, démarcation, inversion et intégration souvent mobilisée pour rendre compte de l'innovation dans les services marchands, nous réexaminons la manière dont les principaux travaux réalisés durant deux décennies de recherche sur l'innovation dans les services prennent explicitement en compte - ou peuvent être extrapolés pour prendre en compte - l'innovation dans les services publics. Nous cherchons également à identifier les lacunes de cette littérature et à tracer des pistes de recherche et d'action. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, service public, |
| Date: | 2012–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00758079&r=knm |
| By: | M.C. Di Guardo; Raffaele Paci |
| Abstract: | In the last two decades Merger & Acquisition (M&A) activities worldwide rose to an unprecedented level mainly due to two factors - globalization and technological progress. M&A transactions, whatever is their motivation, generate potential knowledge flows between bidder and target firms that happen before, during and after the deal in the form of - information exchange in the due diligence phase and among managers; access to new technologies and organizational competencies; task and human integration; interaction of different organizational cultures; transfers of capabilities and resource sharing. Consequently, M&A transactions represent a valuable proxy for the exchange of knowledge across the geographical areas where companies are located offering therefore the opportunity to investigate into the knowledge flows between the European Union and its neighboring countries. The aim of the paper is to analyse in details the M&A deals in the European Neighboring Countries (ENC) in order to explore the knowledge flows between firms in those areas and external firms. More specifically, we will examine the geographical directions of M&As and their sectoral scope. Data on M&A deals are retrieved from the SDC Platinum database (Thomson Financial) considering the period 2000-2011. Taken together, M&A data provide interesting evidence on the overall market-level impact of M&A on ENC and thus on the knowledge links that have been generated. |
| Keywords: | Merger & Acquisition; knowledge flows; European Neighboring Countries |
| JEL: | F23 G34 L24 O33 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cns:cnscwp:201236&r=knm |
| By: | ISOGAWA Daiya; NISHIKAWA Kohei; OHASHI Hiroshi |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the economic impact of new-to-market product innovation using firm-level data obtained from the Japanese National Innovation Survey. It accounts for possible technological spillovers in innovation activities and examines the extent to which new-to-market product innovation contributes to firm performance. The paper offers several new insights on product innovation. |
| Date: | 2012–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:12077&r=knm |
| By: | Neil Lee; Andrés Rodríguez-Pose |
| Abstract: | One of the key benefits of cities is that they allow the exchange of knowledge and information between economic actors. This may have two effects: it may create the conditions for entirely new innovations to emerge, and it may allow firms to learn innovations from those nearby. Yet few studies have considered the impact of an urban location on whether innovations are original or learnt. This paper tests these hypotheses using large-scale survey evidence for over 1,600 UK SMEs. We show that while urban firms tend to be both product and process innovators, urban firms are disproportionately likely to introduce process innovations which are only new to the firm, rather than entirely original. Instead, the urban advantage in product innovation appears to come from a combination of the effects. The results highlight a need for a nuanced view of the link between cities and innovation. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Cities, SMEs, Learning, United Kingdom |
| JEL: | O31 O33 O38 |
| Date: | 2012–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:1223&r=knm |
| By: | Pfeifer, Christian (Leuphana University Lueneburg and IZA); Wagner, Joachim (Leuphana University Lueneburg, CESIS) |
| Abstract: | This empirical research note documents the relationship between composition of a firm's workforce (with a special focus on age and gender) and its performance with respect to innovative activities (outlays and employment in research and development (R&D)) for a large representative sample of enterprises from manufacturing industries in Germany using unique newly available data. We find that firms with a higher share of older workers have significantly lower proportions of R&D outlays in total revenues and of R&D employment in total employment, whereas firms with a higher share of female employment seem to be more active in R&D. |
| Keywords: | Ageing; firm performance; gender; Germany; innovation; R&D |
| JEL: | D22 D24 J21 J24 L25 |
| Date: | 2012–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0291&r=knm |
| By: | Adeline Ugaglia (ISVV - Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin - INRA : UMR1219 - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I - Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II); Marie Ferru (CRIEF - Centre de Recherche sur l'Intégration Economique et Financière - Université de Poitiers); Benjamin Guimond (CRIEF - Centre de Recherche sur l'Intégration Economique et Financière - Université de Poitiers) |
| Abstract: | Alors que la littérature met l'accent sur le rôle de la réglementation dans la dynamique environnementale des firmes, nous proposons une analyse approfondie des différents moteurs des innovations environnementales. Il s'agit donc d'étudier pourquoi les entreprises adoptent ces innovations mais également comment évoluent ces "bonnes" pratiques. Des données originales, relatives à l'adoption d'innovations environnementales et issues d'entretiens auprès d'établissements du Poitou-Charentes, nuancent d'une part le rôle de la réglementation et révèlent d'autre part le caractère prioritaire des démarches curatives. Une analyse exploratoire multidimensionnelle souligne enfin l'existence de dynamiques environnementales différenciées selon les caractéristiques des établissements et des innovations. |
| Keywords: | innovation environnementale, incitations, réglementation, marché |
| Date: | 2012–11–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-00758925&r=knm |
| By: | d'Agostino, Giorgio; Scarlato, Margherita |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the theoretical and empirical foundations of the links between inclusive institutions, innovation and economic growth. Its first contribution to the literature is to provide a non-scale R&D-based growth model incorporating negative externalities linked to low institutional quality that not only affect the productivity of private and human capital, but also constrain the diffusion of existing technological knowledge. In turn, these negative externalities reduce economic growth. The second contribution of this paper is to run estimates for a sample of European Union countries. Empirical analysis based on pooled long- and short-run estimates confirms the importance of private capital and technology as instruments to increase economic growth in European countries and suggests the existence of a positive relationship between inclusive institutions, innovation and economic growth. The estimates also show that market failures linked to the degree of market competition and to the level of network interaction in the economic system significantly condition the influence of formal institutions on private capital, technology and GDP growth. |
| Keywords: | Innovation; economic growth models; institutions and growth |
| JEL: | O41 O43 O30 C23 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:43098&r=knm |
| By: | Wouter Jacobs; Hans R.A. Koster; Frank van Oort |
| Abstract: | It has been argued that the relationship between knowledge intensive business services (KIBS) and multi-national enterprises (MNEs) within the regional economy is advantageous for urban and regional dynamics. It is likely that KIBS aim to locate proximate to (internationally operating) MNEs because of agglomeration externalities. The impact of MNEs on the birth of KIBS has rarely been examined, and the research on the new formation of KIBS has mainly adopted a case study approach, thus limiting the opportunity for generalisation. We have taken a more quantitative approach using a continuous space framework to test whether proximity is important for the co-location of KIBS and MNEs in the metropolitan area of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Our results, controlled for other location factors, indicate that KIBS are co-agglomerated with MNEs and that the presence of a MNE significantly influences the birth of KIBS nearby, but the effect on such start-ups is considerably smaller than the positive effect of the presence of already established KIBS. We discuss the implications for urban and regional development strategies and policy initiatives. |
| Keywords: | knowledge intensive business services, multi-national enterprises, start-ups, point pattern methodology, Amsterdam. |
| JEL: | F23 L84 L25 R12 |
| Date: | 2012–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:1225&r=knm |
| By: | Corine Genet (MTS - Management Technologique et Strategique - Grenoble École de Management (GEM)); Khalid Errabi (MTS - Management Technologique et Strategique - Grenoble École de Management (GEM)); Caroline Gauthier (MTS - Management Technologique et Strategique - Grenoble École de Management (GEM)) |
| Abstract: | Nanotechnologies are often presented as breakthrough innovations, where technology transfer and knowledge-bridging will play a pivotal role in the industrial dynamics. This article investigates the model of knowledge transfer in the nanotechnologies in depth, by comparing it with the models of two recently emerged technologies: biotech and microelectronics. Our results show that the nanotechnology transfer model is very different from that involved in biotechnology evolution: while small-medium firms play a valuable technology-bringing role, the central function of "translating" new knowledge between public research and industry is carried by the larger firms, just as it was in the early stages of the microelectronics sector. These results suggest that specific policy initiatives to facilitate biotech's transfer are inappropriate to boost the diffusion of nanotechnology. |
| Keywords: | Nanotechnology; Biotechnology; Microelectronics; Technology transfer |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:gemptp:hal-00749152&r=knm |
| By: | Sander Hoogendoorn (University of Amsterdam); Simon C. Parker (University of Western Ontario, Richard Ivey School of Business); Mirjam van Praag (University of Amsterdam) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the impact of diversity in cognitive ability among members of a team on their performance. We conduct a large field experiment in which teams start up and manage real companies under identical circumstances. Exogenous variation in - otherwise random - team composition is imposed by assigning individuals to teams based on their measured cognitive abilities. The setting is one of business management practices in the longer run where tasks are diverse and involve complex decision-making. We propose a model in which greater ability dispersion generates greater knowledge for a team, but also increases the costs of monitoring necessitated by moral hazard. Consistent with the predictions of our model, we find that team performance as measured in terms of sales, profits and profits per share first increases, and then decreases, with ability dispersion. Teams with a moderate degree of ability dispersion also experience fewer dismissals due to few er shirking members in those teams. |
| Keywords: | Ability dispersion; team performance; field experiment; entrepreneurship; knowledge pooling; moral hazard |
| JEL: | C93 D83 J24 L25 L26 M13 M54 |
| Date: | 2012–11–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:uvatin:20120130&r=knm |