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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2011‒11‒28
five papers chosen by Laura Stefanescu European Research Centre of Managerial Studies in Business Administration |
| By: | Fernandes, Cristina; Ferreira, João |
| Abstract: | Knowledge is increasingly perceived as a central factor for company competitiveness. With the transfer of knowledge one of the core functions of knowledge intensive business service (KIBS) companies, the objective of our research incorporates analysis on how the transfer of knowledge takes place between the higher education sector and the KIBS universe. Our empirical results demonstrate that cooperation between KIBS and universities occurs independent of their location (rural or urban) and typology (professional or technological). We furthermore found that rural KIBS have increased their levels of graduate employment faster than their urban KIBS peers. |
| Keywords: | knowledge; spillovers; cooperation; universities; KIBS |
| JEL: | L84 M1 O32 O3 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:34751&r=knm |
| By: | Riccardo Crescenzi; Luisa Gagliardi; Marco Percoco |
| Abstract: | Social capital has remained relatively underexplored in innovation literature. Existing studies have failed to reach a consensus on its impact on local innovative performance: some empirical analyses emphasize a positive effect, others speak about a 'dark side' of social capital. This paper aims to fill this gap by shedding new light on the differential role of 'bonding' and 'bridging' social capital. The quantitative analysis of the innovative performance of the Italian provinces shows that social capital is an important predictor of innovative performance after controlling for 'traditional' knowledge inputs (R&D investments and human capital endowment) and other characteristics of the local economy. However, only 'bridging' social capital - based on weak ties - can be identified as the key driver of the process of innovation while 'bonding' social capital is shown to be negative for innovation. Instrumental variable analysis makes it possible to identify clear causal links between bridging (positive) and bonding (negative) social capital and innovation. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, social capital, knowledge transfer, regional development |
| JEL: | O31 O33 R15 |
| Date: | 2011–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:sercdp:0096&r=knm |
| By: | Andrey Martovoy; Dimitri Gagliardi |
| Abstract: | NIS is nowadays one of the most widespread tools of the analysis of factors influencing the creation, diffusion and adoption of innovations. Innovation is often more seen as the main driver for growth within economic and social systems. During the Soviet era, the national innovation system of Ukraine was somehow integrated within the Soviet Union’s system of innovation, though each republic had their production, research and development specialisation. Over last decades science and technology sectors of Ukraine underwent considerable changes in the bid to reallocate its scientific resources away from military towards civilian goals and to develop its internal capacity to foster innovations. Nonetheless the Ukrainian system of Innovation has performed very poorly. Ukrainian NIS failure reflects in the poor innovation performance of national firms. In the past two decades it became apparent that macroeconomic conditions and taxation are among the most important framework conditions which affected negatively the innovation performance of Ukraine. |
| Keywords: | innovation policy, macroeconomic analysis of economic development, government policy |
| JEL: | O11 O38 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:trn:utwpol:1111&r=knm |
| By: | Manuel Pio Silva (Former Management student, ISCTE-IUL Business School, Lisbon, Portugal); Prof. Dr. Luís Dias Martins (ISCTE-IUL Business School, Lisbon, Portugal) |
| Abstract: | Base of Pyramid (BoP) is nowadays one of global management’s top issues. Although several studies were focused on developing economies and their markets behaviour, very few have worked on the internal organization drama |
| Keywords: | BoP, developing economies, strategy, value chain |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1asb11:2011-011-117&r=knm |
| By: | Elisabete Tomaz; Catarina Selada; Inês Vilhena da Cunha |
| Abstract: | During the last decades, creative and cultural approaches have been implemented in regional and urban development strategies as key drivers for competitiveness and growth. However, research literature tends to focus mainly in big cities and metropolis, not recognizing the potential of small cities in intermediate and rural regions in fostering territorial cohesion. Nevertheless, public policies based on creativity and innovation are being experienced in non-metropolitan and rural contexts around Europe, Canada and USA focused on economic revitalisation, urban regeneration and reversing de-population trends. These approaches are mainly based on historic precedents (‘path dependency’), in the exploitation of distinctive local attributes and assets regarding culture, environment, lifestyle and quality of life, besides specific investments in infrastructures or support programmes (such as incubators, live-work houses, and specific financing systems), which intend to induce the attraction of talent and the development of creative businesses. The main aim of this investigation is to examine the recent approaches to cultural and creative economy that are being implemented by small and medium-sized cities in Europe that still remain largely unstudied. The objective is to establish a typology of creative-based strategies through the analysis of the definitions adopted by regional and local authorities as well as the justifications and planning instruments used that reflect different priority goals or purposes. The paper engages the debate on rural and urban relationships as well as on the regional interdependencies. It is also stressed the demand for adapting widespread development policies to local specificities and to build up innovative forms of governance for a fully engagement of the local actors at different levels, in search of a competitive but also cohesive society. As a result, it is our intention to contribute to the theoretical thinking about the crucial factors for the sustainability of small local economies in regional development. |
| Date: | 2011–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa11p893&r=knm |