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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2011‒06‒25
ten papers chosen by Laura Stefanescu European Research Centre of Managerial Studies in Business Administration |
| By: | Kilelu, Catherine W. (RIU, Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University); Klerkx, Laurens (Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University); Leeuwis, Cees (Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University); Hall, Andy (RIU, LINK, Open University, and UNU-MERIT) |
| Abstract: | The recognition that innovation occurs in networks of heterogeneous actors and requires broad systemic support beyond knowledge brokering has resulted in a changing landscape of the intermediary domain in an increasingly market-driven agricultural sector in developing countries. This paper presents findings of an explorative case study that looked at 22 organisations identified as fulfilling an intermediary role in the Kenyan agricultural sector. The results show that these organisations fulfill functions that are not limited to distribution of knowledge and putting it into use. The functions also include fostering integration and interaction among the diverse actors engaged in innovation networks and working on technological, organisational and institutional innovation. Further, the study identified various organisational arrangements of innovation intermediaries with some organisations fulfilling a specialised innovation brokering role, even as other intermediaries take on brokering as a side activity, while still substantively contributing to the innovation process. Based on these findings we identify a typology of 4 innovation intermediation arrangements, including technology brokers, systemic brokers, enterprise development support and input access support. The results indicate that innovation brokering is a pervasive task in supporting innovation and will require policy support to embed it in innovation support arrangements. The paper is not normative about these arrangements. |
| Keywords: | Smallholder agriculture, innovation intermediaries, agriculture innovation, knowledge brokers, Kenya |
| JEL: | L26 L32 N5 N57 O13 O19 O31 O32 O55 Q12 Q13 Q16 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:unumer:2011022&r=knm |
| By: | Matei, Ani; Matei, Lucica |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to analyze and describe the relation between knowledge and development in the new knowledge-based economy and to deduct the socio-economic basics of the public marketing strategies in this context. The particularity of this approach is due to the features of knowledge, seen as production factor, mixed public good or global public good, as well as their developments in the context of relationships between university and industry, the new role of public sector research or the new theory of endogenous growth. The economic and social logic of this paper includes marketing among the tools to promote knowledgebased technology progress, imposing even juxtaposition between private or public marketing strategies. The knowledge market develops in specific directions that are compatible and integrated in the development strategies of contemporary economies. Given this context, the quantitative analysis models are inspired by more general or even classical economic models that integrate technical progress, human capital or knowledge status. The main topics discussed in this paper relate to: knowledge and arguments for knowledge marketing development, knowledge and knowledge market as objects of public marketing in contemporary economy, development models that incorporate the impact of knowledge marketing strategies and relevant empirical analysis in the context of the Romanian economy development. The growth methods are based on relevant bibliographic analysis, quantitative models and statistical evaluations, systemic analyses and summaries. |
| Keywords: | knowledge; knowledge market; global public goods |
| JEL: | M14 M31 O47 |
| Date: | 2011–04–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:31474&r=knm |
| By: | Vikram Dhillon |
| Abstract: | In this paper we propose a novel index to quantify and measure the flow of information on macro and micro scales. We discuss the implications of this index for knowledge management fields and also as intellectual capital that can thus be utilized by entrepreneurs. We explore different function and human oriented metrics that can be used at micro-scales to process the flow of information. We present a table of about 23 metrics, such as change in IT inventory and percentage of employees with advanced degrees, that can be used at micro scales to wholly quantify knowledge dispersion as intellectual capital. At macro scales we split the economy in an industrial and consumer sector where the flow of information in each determines how fast an economy is going to grow and how overall an economy will perform given the aggregate demand. Lastly, we propose a model for knowledge dispersion based on graph theory and show how corrections in the flow become self-evident. Through the principals of flow conservation and capacity constrains we also speculate how this flow might seeks some equilibrium and exhibit self-correction codes. This proposed model allows us to account for perturbations in form of local noise, evolution of networks, provide robustness against local damage from lower nodes, and help determine the underlying classification into network super-families. |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1106.2601&r=knm |
| By: | Torben Klarl (University of Augsburg, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | A large and still growing body of literature suggests that entrepreneurship is of exceptional importance in explaining knowledge spillovers. Although quantifying the impact of entrepreneurial activity for economic growth is an interesting issue – particularly at the regional level – a concise formulation within a theoretical growth model is still missing. This paper in general tries to uncover the link between own- and neighbour-related regional entrepreneurial activity in innovation and regional growth within a spatial semi-endogenous growth model in the spirit of Jones (1995) reflecting recent empirical findings on entrepreneurial activity for economic growth. The paper derives an explicit solution for the transitional as well as for the balanced growth path level of ideas. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship, economic growth, innovation, knowledge spillover |
| JEL: | M13 O31 R5 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aug:augsbe:0317&r=knm |
| By: | Fulvio, Castellacci; Jose Miguel, Natera |
| Abstract: | This paper puts forward the idea that the dynamics of national innovation systems is driven by the coevolution of two main dimensions: innovative capability and absorptive capacity. The empirical analysis employs a broad set of indicators measuring national innovative capabilities and absorptive capacity for a panel of 98 countries in the period 1980-2008, and makes use of panel cointegration analysis to investigate long-run relationships and coevolution patterns among these variables. The results indicate that the dynamics of national systems of innovation is driven by the coevolution of three innovative capability variables (technological output, scientific output, innovative input), on the one hand, and three absorptive capacity factors (income per capita, infrastructures and international trade), on the other. |
| Keywords: | national systems of innovation; innovative capability; absorptive capacity; economic growth and development; coevolution; panel cointegration analysis |
| JEL: | F00 O30 O10 F43 C33 O40 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:31583&r=knm |
| By: | Casadio, Paolo; Paradiso, Antonio; Rao, B. Bhaskara |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the steady state growth rate for Scandinavian countries with a “knowledge economy” approach. We shall use an extended version of the Solow (1956) growth model, in which total factor productivity is assumed to be a function of human capital (measured by average years of education), trade openness and investment ratio. Using this framework we show that these factors, and in particular the education variable, have played an important role to determine the long run growth rates of the Scandinavian countries. Some policy measures are identified to improve the long-run growth rates for these countries. |
| Keywords: | Endogenous growth models; Trade openness; human capital; investment ratio; Steady state growth rate; Scandinavian countr |
| JEL: | C22 O52 O40 |
| Date: | 2011–05–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:31606&r=knm |
| By: | Consoli, Davide; Elche-Hortelano, Dioni |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to capture the extent of sectoral heterogeneity across Professional Service sectors. It is argued that ongoing scholarly disputes on their boundaries within the geography of industry have lost sight of the intrinsic diversity that characterizes these activities. The present study connects this cue to research on sectoral patterns and elaborates an empirical analysis of employment structures and the associated skill bases of professional service sectors. Through this focus we are able to frame the emergence of cross-sectoral variety in the context of evolving specialization. |
| Keywords: | Professional Service Sectors; Skill Intensity; Cross-Sectoral Variety |
| Date: | 2011–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ing:wpaper:201105&r=knm |
| By: | Hall, Bronwyn H. (UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University, UC Berkeley, NBER, and IFS); Helmers, Christian (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, LSE) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the characteristics of 238 patents on 94 “inventions” contributed by major multinational innovators to the “Eco-Patent Commons”, which provides royalty-free access to third parties to patented climate change related innovations. By comparing the pledged patents to other patents in the same technologies or held by the same multinationals, we investigate the motives of the contributing firms as well as the potential for such commons to encourage innovation and diffusion of climate change related technologies. This study, therefore, indirectly provides evidence on the role of patents in the development and diffusion of green technologies. More generally, the paper sheds light on the performance of hybrid forms of knowledge management that combine open innovation and patenting. |
| Keywords: | patent commons, green technology, eco-aptents, diffusion, climate change |
| JEL: | H23 H42 K11 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:unumer:2011025&r=knm |
| By: | Barnard, Helena (GIBS, U. Pretoria); Chaminade, Cristina (CIRCLE, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | The rapid move of China and India from low-cost producers to innovators has triggered an increasing interest in the globalization of innovation activities and more specifically, on the surge of global innovation networks (GINs). However, hitherto most of the literature is either theoretical or based on a handful of cases. We do not know what are the different forms of GINs in which firms participate, both in terms of the various degrees of globalness, innovativeness and neworkedness as well as their main characteristics. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy of global innovation networks that takes into account these different dimensions. This paper provides empirical evidence about the characteristics of the different variants of global innovation networks, observed in seven European countries as well as Brazil, China, India and South Africa. It relies on firm-level data collected through a survey in 2010 and provides for the first time a theoretical and empirical overview of the different forms of global innovation networks. |
| Keywords: | Globalization; innovation networks; taxonomy; Europe; South Africa; Brazil; China; India |
| JEL: | O19 O32 O57 |
| Date: | 2011–06–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2011_004&r=knm |
| By: | Claire Bonnard (IREDU - Institut de recherche sur l'éducation : Sociologie et Economie de l'Education - CNRS : UMR5225 - Université de Bourgogne) |
| Abstract: | L'innovation est devenue un facteur clé de croissance économique. La question des incitations à l'innovation au sein des entreprises est donc primordiale. Dans ce papier, nous nous intéressons au type d'incitations monétaires reçues par les inventeurs au sein des entreprises avec une attention particulière à la mobilité inter-firme de ces derniers. Les résultats montrent un rendement salarial positif pour les inventeurs, celui-ci est plus important pour les inventeurs ayant connu une mobilité inter-firme, ce qui pourrait suggérer que les entreprises soient prêtes à payer les connaissances acquises par les inventeurs au sein des autres entreprises. Par contre, l'utilisation de stock-options comme incitation pour les inventeurs semble moins répandue dans les entreprises françaises que dans les entreprises étrangères. |
| Keywords: | Incitation ; Innovation ; Entreprise ; Secteur privé ; R&D |
| Date: | 2011–06–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00599700&r=knm |