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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2011‒01‒03
seven papers chosen by Laura Stefanescu European Research Centre of Managerial Studies in Business Administration |
| By: | Olusoji Okunoye (LORIA - SITE - INRIA - CNRS : UMR7503 - Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I - Université Nancy II - Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)); Bolanle Oladejo (LORIA - SITE - INRIA - CNRS : UMR7503 - Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I - Université Nancy II - Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)); Victor Odumuyiwa (LORIA - SITE - INRIA - CNRS : UMR7503 - Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I - Université Nancy II - Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)) |
| Abstract: | The shift from industrial economy to knowledge economy in today's world has revolutionalized strategic planning in organizations as well as their problem solving approaches. The point of focus today is knowledge and service production with more emphasis been laid on knowledge capital. Many organizations are investing on tools that facilitate knowledge sharing among their employees and they are as well promoting and encouraging collaboration among their staff in order to build the organization's knowledge capital with the ultimate goal of creating a lasting competitive advantage for their organizations. One of the current leading approaches used for solving organization's decision problem is the Economic Intelligence (EI) approach which involves interactions among various actors called EI actors. These actors collaborate to ensure the overall success of the decision problem solving process. In the course of the collaboration, the actors express knowledge which could be capitalized for future reuse. In this paper, we propose in the first place, an annotation model for knowledge elicitation among EI actors. Because of the need to build a knowledge capital, we also propose a dynamic knowledge capitalisation approach for managing knowledge produced by the actors. Finally, the need to manage the interactions and the interdependencies among collaborating EI actors, led to our third proposition which constitute an awareness mechanism for group work management. |
| Keywords: | Annotation, knowledge representation, knowledge capitalisation, economic intelligence, collaboration, knowledge exploitation, group awareness |
| Date: | 2010–10–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:inria-00546809_v1&r=knm |
| By: | Nour, Samia Satti Osman Mohamed (Faculty of Economic and Social Studies, Khartoum University, and UNU-MERIT) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we use the systematic, descriptive and statistical approaches, fill the gap in the Arab literature and present a more comprehensive analysis of the important ways of enhancing the incidence and transfer of knowledge in the Arab countries. Different from the conventional view in the literature that use the conventional classification of countries according to income level, an interesting element in our analysis is that we use a more comprehensive classification not only by income level but also by geographic location and the structure of the economy to examine the important ways of enhancing the incidence and transfer of knowledge in the Arab countries. We find that somewhat surprising the classification of Arab countries by income level provides inconclusive evidences in terms of capacity to create knowledge. Our findings support the first hypothesis that the components of knowledge show positive correlation with economic growth and hence can be used to enhance economic growth and promote human capital in the Arab countries. Our results corroborate the second and third hypotheses that the incidence and transfer of knowledge can be enhanced by institutional support in the form of subsidies and incentives to knowledge components (education, R&D and ICT). The major policy implication from our findings is that in order to benefit from integration in global knowledge economy the Arab countries should create the most appropriate political, economic, educational, technological and scientific institutions. The Arab countries should stimulate local efforts and incentives for building and transferring knowledge and should pay more attention to enhance institutions setting, especially, effective system of intellectual property rights protection to motivate the creation and transfer of knowledge. Apart from the role of Arab governments, it is essential for Arab societies to support the culture aimed at fostering and enhancing the incidence and transfer of knowledge. |
| Keywords: | : Tacit Knowledge, Codified Knowledge, Transfer of Knowledge, Arab countries |
| JEL: | O10 O11 O30 |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:unumer:2010064&r=knm |
| By: | Gray, Elie (Toulouse Business School); Grimaud, André (Toulouse School of Economics (IDEI, LERNA) et Toulouse Business School) |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a Schumpeterian growth model generalizing the existing theory : we exploit the formalization of a circular product differentiation model of Salop (1979) to take into account the fact that knowledge inherent in a given sector can diffuse variously among R&D sectors, ranging from local to global diffusion.We explain how this shapes the pools of knowledge in which each sector draws from to produced innovations. Introducing explicitly knowledge diffusion allows us to shed a new light on several questions : how to explain that growth can be over or sub-optimal ? Patent or secrecy : how should monopolies be protected ? Where does the property of scale effects exactly come from ? |
| JEL: | O31 O33 O41 |
| Date: | 2010–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:23580&r=knm |
| By: | Martin, Roman (CIRCLE, Lund University); Moodysson, Jerker (CIRCLE, Lund University); Zukauskaite, Elena (CIRCLE, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | This paper deals with policy measures in the regional innovation system of Scania, Southern Sweden. Focus is dedicated to requirements on innovation policy from actors representing different industries. Previous studies have identified profound differences with regard the organization of knowledge sourcing between firms and other actors in industries drawing on different knowledge bases. In correspondence with these findings, industries differ also with regard to how policy measures aiming to support innovation are perceived and acquired. Despite this, there is a tendency among regional policy programs to base their strategies on one ‘best practice’-model, inspired by successful (or sometimes less successful) cases in other parts of the world. The paper presents an in-depth analysis of such policy support targeting three industries located in one region, and ends with a suggestion to how those should be adapted to render influence on the institutional framework of the regional innovation system. |
| Keywords: | innovation policy; regional innovation systems; knowledge bases; Sweden |
| JEL: | O30 O38 |
| Date: | 2010–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2010_014&r=knm |
| By: | Nour, Samia Satti Osman Mohamed (Faculty of Economic and Social Studies, Khartoum University, and UNU-MERIT) |
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on the impact of ICT in the transformation and production of knowledge, notably in Sudan, and discusses the importance of the use of ICT in Khartoum University. It considers how the use of ICT, in particular the Internet, facilitates connections, networks and communication within knowledge institutions in Sudan and regional and international institutions and enhances collaboration between Sudanese universities and others, and its integration in the system of global knowledge production. Research results reinforce the idea that using ICT enhances access, production and dissemination of knowledge in Khartoum University. Finally, our findings support the hypothesis that the use of ICT introduces positive and negative effects by providing opportunities for the transformation and production of knowledge but simultaneously also creates hazards in this transformation and knowledge production: positive transformations include building connections and organizational changes; while the negative transformation is the building disconnections for those who do not know how to use ICT. We find that the most important advantage related to the use of the Internet for facilitating connections and transformations involve increasing digital knowledge for academic researchers by finding information that was not earlier accessible and the rapid quantitative and qualitative increases in transferring available information. In addition to the development of new models for disseminating and distributing electronic information, there is an increase in the creation and transfer of knowledge and an increase in free access to electronic publications for academic purposes. The most serious problem related to the use of the Internet is the lack of regular or inadequate budgets for university libraries to pay for access to scientific and technical information and obtain licences or subscriptions to relevant material. |
| Keywords: | : ICT use, ICT impact, knowledge production, transformation, Sudan |
| JEL: | O10 O12 O30 |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:unumer:2010063&r=knm |
| By: | Vertesy, Daniel (UNU-MERIT); Szirmai, Adam (UNU-MERIT, and Maastricht Graduate School of Governance) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we analyse the role of sectoral innovation systems in the emergence and catch-up of aerospace industries in latecomer economies. We argue that the aerospace sector is characterized by a process of interrupted innovation. Competitive pressures and the cyclical nature of the industry not only require shifts in the direction of innovation and changes in the production system, but also periodical restructuring of the whole sectoral system of innovation. Aerospace manufacturing requires advanced technological capabilities at the earliest stages of the emergence of the industry. Producers immediately need to comply with high international technology, quality and safety standards. Stage models of gradual technological upgrading in the process of catch up are therefore not appropriate to analyse the evolution of this industry in latecomer economies. The model of interrupted innovation developed in this paper provides an alternative perspective. In country case studies of Brazil, China, Indonesia and Argentina, we show how changes in the global competitive landscape and major political developments trigger crises in the industry, with which existing systems of innovation are unable to cope. Competitive pressures periodically require the industry to reinvent itself almost from scratch. We conclude that the emerging economies that have succeeded in catching up in aerospace are those that have established a competitive industrial sector with a sectoral innovation system which is able to adapt flexibly to radically changing circumstances. |
| Keywords: | aerospace manufacturing, sectoral innovation systems, system dynamics, latecomer industrialization, technological capabilities |
| JEL: | L62 O14 O31 O32 O33 O38 |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:unumer:2010059&r=knm |
| By: | Fuksová, Nadežda; Chajdiak, Jozef |
| Abstract: | Work motivation, like all motivational processes, is also subject to change as a function of the external forces that comprise an individual’s world. Recent advances in work motivation offer a plethora of opportunities for scientists and organizational practitioners interested in the understanding, prediction, and remediation of issues pertaining to how, why, and when individuals engage and invest attention, energy, time, and other personal resources in their work. The future of many businesses depends upon their ability to innovate. The company culture and leadership are the two prominent barriers to innovation. If a company's culture isn't set-up to accept new ideas and creative contributions from its staff then inventions will be unable to break through to the marketplace. The organization may be structured so that the development of an innovation is more challenging than at another business. This confining structure can be physical or, alternatively, systemic in terms of the company's culture. Motivation and commitment of workers, professionals and managers are being increasingly realized as critical factors for the company success. |
| Keywords: | Employee motivation; innovations; management systems |
| JEL: | O15 |
| Date: | 2010–06–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:27624&r=knm |