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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2009‒07‒11
six papers chosen by Laura Stefanescu European Research Centre of Managerial Studies in Business Administration |
| By: | Gnanaraj Chellaraj; Aaditya Mattoo (The World Bank); |
| Abstract: | Using the knowledge-capital model, we compare factors affecting the inbound and outbound manufacturing and services investment between Singapore and a sample of industrialized and developing countries. The nature of Singapore's two-way investment with the industrialized nations is essentially skill seeking, while with the developing countries it is low wage seeking with the exception of inbound services investment, which is skill seeking. During 1994-2003 time period, Singapore's skill abundance relative to all parent countries, increased annual average inbound investment in manufacturing and services by US$ 8.15 billion and US$ 15.19 billion respectively. |
| JEL: | F |
| Date: | 2009–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ewc:wpaper:wp101&r=knm |
| By: | Filip De Beule; Ilke Van Beveren |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the drivers of multinational affiliates' R&D intensity, using a unique dataset based on the fourth Community Innovation Survey for Belgium. Specifically, we investigate the role of foreign affiliates' local (host country) embeddedness and of host country spillovers on foreign affiliates' research efforts. Our findings show that foreign affiliates who are able to tap into local knowledge sources demonstrate a higher research intensity, compared to firms lacking such access. Links to clients and public research institutions, in particular, have a powerful impetus on the research effort by foreign subsidiaries. Our findings suggest a complementary relationship between foreign firms' R&D intensity and the internal research efforts of their competitors as a result of demonstration effects, while the use of external R&D by competitors has a negative impact on the research effort of foreign affiliates as a result of technological spillovers. Our findings have important policy implications, especially in terms of the high dependency of the Belgian economy on foreign R&D. One way to attain the R&D intensity put forward by the Lisbon agenda would be to increase public expenditure on research and development, which would also indirectly increase the research intensity of (foreign) firms. |
| Keywords: | R&D intensity, multinational ownership, knowledge sources, spillovers |
| JEL: | F23 L23 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lic:licosd:24209&r=knm |
| By: | Krafft Jackie (GREDEG (Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion)); Quatraro Francesco (University of Turin); Saviotti Paolo (Unité Mixte de Recherche GAEL (Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble)) |
| Abstract: | This paper applies the methodological tools typical of social network analysis within an evolutionary framework, to investigate the dynamics of the knowledge base of the biotechnology sector. Knowledge is here considered a collective good represented as a co-relational and a retrieval-interpretative structure. The internal structure of knowledge is described as a network the nodes of which are small units within traces of knowledge, such as patent documents, connected by links determined by their joint utilisation. We used measures referring to the network, like density, and to its nodes, like degree, closeness and betweenness centrality, to provide a synthetic description of the structure of the knowledge base and of its evolution over time.Eventually, we compared such measures with more established properties of the knowledge base calculated on the basis of co-occurrences of technological classes within patent documents. Empirical results show the existence of interesting and meaningful relationships across the different measures, providing support for the use of social network analysis to study the evolution of the knowledge bases of industrial sectors and their lifecycles. |
| Date: | 2009–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:labeco:200909&r=knm |
| By: | Matthias Buerger; Tom Broekel; Alex Coad |
| Abstract: | We investigate the lead-lag relationship between growth of patent applications, growth of R&D, and growth of total sectoral employment for 270 German labour market regions over the period 1999-2005. Our unique panel dataset includes information on four two-digit industries, namely Chemistry, Transport equipment, Medical & Optical Equipment as well as Electrics & Electronics. The results obtained from a vector autoregression model show that an increased innovative activity is associated with subsequent growth of employment in the Medical & Optical Equipment industry as well as in the Electrics & Electronics sector. With respect to the latter growth of patent applications is also associated with subsequent growth of R&D employees indicating either a ‘success-breeds-success’ story or benefits due to agglomeration economies at the level of the region. However we do not find those effects for the other industries due to their idiosyncratic innovation and patenting behaviour. |
| Keywords: | innovation, regional dynamics, r&d growth, employment growth, patent growth |
| JEL: | O18 R11 |
| Date: | 2009–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:0908&r=knm |
| By: | Jaap W.B. Bos; Ryan C.R. van Lamoen; James W. Kolari |
| Abstract: | In this paper we seek to contribute to the literature on competition and innovation by focusing on individual firms within the U.S. banking industry in the period 1984-2004. We measure innovation by estimating technology gaps and find evidence of an inverted-U relationship between competition and the technology gaps in banking. This finding is robust over several different specifications and is consistent with theoretical and empirical work by Aghion, Bloom, Blundell, Griffith, and Howitt (2005b). The optimal amount of innovation requires a slightly positive mark up. Also, we find that the U.S. banking industry as a whole has consolidated beyond this optimal innovation level and that state-level interstate banking deregulation has lowered innovation. |
| Keywords: | competition, innovation, stochastic frontier analysis, technology gap ratio, banking |
| JEL: | D21 G21 L10 O30 |
| Date: | 2009–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:use:tkiwps:0916&r=knm |
| By: | Matthias Bürger (Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, RTG 1411 - The Economics of Innovative Change); Tom Brökel (Utrecht University, Urban and Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU)); Alex Coad (Max Planck Institute of Economics, Jena; Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Univ. Paris 1) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the lead-lag relationship between growth of patent applications, growth of R&D, and growth of total sectoral employment for 270 German labour market regions over the period 1999-2005. Our unique panel dataset includes information on four two-digit industries, namely Chemistry, Transport equipment, Medical & Optical Equipment as well as Electrics & Electronics. The results obtained from a vector autoregression model show that an increased innovative activity is associated with subsequent growth of employment in the Medical & Optical Equipment industry as well as in the Electrics & Electronics sector. With respect to the latter growth of patent applications is also associated with subsequent growth of R&D employees indicating either a "success-breeds-success" story or benefits due to agglomeration economies at the level of the region. However we do not find those effects for the other industries due to their idiosyncratic innovation and patenting behaviour. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Agglomeration, Employment |
| JEL: | O18 R11 |
| Date: | 2009–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2009-046&r=knm |