|
on Informal and Underground Economics |
| By: | Koshy, Perumal |
| Abstract: | Indian entrepreneurial ecosystem and policy framework evolved over the years as one with potential to facilitate new venture creation at ease. The current ecosystem and regulatory framework is much more entrepreneur and small business friendly. Enterprise ecosystem and entrepreneurship approach has to focus on nurturing economic & business who take the economy & society in the path of a sustainable future, while contributing to Global Sustainability Objectives and to be attuned to facilitate the formalization of informal sector enterprises, ease of doing business for micro and small enterprises. This chapter is an attempt to look at key aspects of Indian entrepreneurial system, its evolution and as well as some of the challenges, entrepreneurship policies and approaches, startup ecosystem, training and skill development challenges and addresses focal areas in the formalization of informal sector enterprises into formal enterprise space and how they can potentially contribute in attaining sustainable development goals (SDGs). |
| Keywords: | Small and Micro Enterprises, Enterprise Ecosystem; Startup ecosystem, Informal Sector Enterprises, Reforms to facilitate enterprise formalization, Skill development, Sustainable Development Goals: SDG-8, SDG-8.3, SDG12 SDG-4 |
| JEL: | E60 E61 L5 L52 L53 |
| Date: | 2023–09–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119757&r=iue |
| By: | Sara Zouiri (Mohammed V University in Rabat) |
| Abstract: | The informal sector, a key feature of African economies, can cause significant distortions that result in loss of growth and constrain countries’ development. Many papers have shown that at the firm level, the informal sector may impact the performance of the formal sector through competition. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between informal sector competition and labor productivity in the formal sector in Africa. To this end, we use data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) conducted between 2009 and 2020 for 36 African countries. The regression results reveal a negative and statistically significant relationship between informal sector competition and labor productivity. The policy implications are twofold. First, policies to reduce the size of the informal sector and/or prevent negative spillovers from informal competition are required to improve productivity. Second, in order to stimulate the formal sector and promote its expansion, policy measures to improve the macroeconomic and institutional context of the region are needed.Length: 25 |
| Date: | 2023–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1689&r=iue |
| By: | Damien Girollet (BSE - Bordeaux Sciences Economiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | AbstractThis paper investigates digital inequalities in usage within African informal sectors. In particular, we examine whether the uneven digital diffusion is embedded in pre‐existing socio‐economic inequalities. After identifying three segments of informal firms, we rely on multivariate and decomposition analyses to identify predictors of usage of digital technologies for business purposes and explain usage gaps between segments. Our findings suggest that digital inequalities are rooted in the vertical heterogeneity of informal sectors, with some firm characteristics significantly predicting professional use of digital technologies. In addition, we find that there are both common and segment‐specific levers for addressing digital inequalities between informal firms. |
| Keywords: | Africa, Digital divide, ICT, Digital technology, Informal sector |
| Date: | 2023–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04395947&r=iue |
| By: | Houda Haffoudhi (Université de Gabes); Brahim Guizani (École Supérieure de la Statistique et de l’Analyse de l’Information, 6 Rue des Métiers) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the relationship between financial development (FD), corruption, and the size of shadow economies in the MENA region from 1996 to 2018. An important contribution is the study of how FD and corruption can interplay to affect informality. Several pooled regressions are run on the entire sample and various subsamples in order to understand the heterogeneity that might exist among countries. Even after addressing the potential endogeneity problem of the variables, we find robust results showing that increases in corruption and FD reduce the size of the informal sector. Therefore, corruption plays the role of “greasing the wheels” in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Moreover, these two dimensions are substitutable in relation to the unofficial economy; the marginal impact of increasing along one dimension is higher when the other dimension is low. The subsample analysis reveals that the impacts of FD and corruption can be remarkably different between low-corruption and highly corrupt countries. Interestingly, the statistical significance of these two factors vanishes for the high-income countries. Obviously, the efforts against informality in the MENA region are multidimensional and dynamic. Further, at each stage of economic, financial, and institutional development, new factors may appear and gain importance. |
| Date: | 2023–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1687&r=iue |
| By: | Cédric Gaillard (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Marie Dervillé (LEREPS - Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - UT - Université de Toulouse - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT - Université de Toulouse - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville) |
| Abstract: | India's dairy sector has emerged as the world's largest dairy producer and has enabled 70 million farmers to generate income through its rapid growth. This success is linked to broad national policy support through the Operation Flood program and the emergence of an inclusive model of cooperatives. However, the informal sector is still the marketing channel most used by dairy producers, and with the liberalization of the dairy sector, the cooperative model is also facing competition from the private sector. By surveying 244 dairy farmers in two major but heterogeneous states in India, this paper examines the inclusiveness of the sector and the impact of dairy cooperative membership on farmers' income and livelihood. The originality of the paper concerns its systematic perspective on households' assets and activities. The results indicate that cooperative membership is associated with caste membership and farmers collection centers. Better incomes are associated with membership, particularly among farmers with less land and among smallholders, who are more dependent on their dairy income to lift themselves out of poverty. |
| Keywords: | Indian dairy sector, Cooperative, Smallholders, Livelihoods, Poverty reduction |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03483394&r=iue |
| By: | van der Geest, Jesse (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management) |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:aaca33bf-975d-4e21-9b5f-50e9384ce6e9&r=iue |
| By: | Manwaring, Priya; Regan, Tanner Weldon Dean |
| Abstract: | Public disclosure policies have potential to raise tax compliance where alternative enforcement capacity is limited. We study the effects of reporting delinquents and recognizing compliers and provide evidence on the social determinants of tax compliance. Our results are consistent with a model in which being publicly known as tax-eligible is costly but social sanctions for delinquency are limited. Further, disseminating information on tax behavior reduces the compliance of recipients by causing their beliefs to be updated down toward the true compliance rate. Overall, these policies are limited at raising revenue and less effective than simple enforcement reminder nudges. |
| Keywords: | property tax; tax morale; public disclosure; shaming |
| JEL: | O18 H30 H26 |
| Date: | 2023–07–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:121298&r=iue |
| By: | Cummins, Neil |
| Abstract: | Using individual-level records of all wealth-at-death in England from 1892 to 1992, together with new estimates of the wealth-specific rate of return on wealth, this study estimates a plausible minimum level of the amount of inherited wealth that is hidden. Elites conceal around 35 per cent of their inheritance. Among dynasties, this hidden wealth, independent of declared wealth, predicts appearance in the Offshore Leaks Database of 2013–16 and is correlated with postcode house-value in 1999 and Oxbridge attendance in 1990–2016. Accounting for hidden wealth eliminates about 28 per cent, at minimum, of the observed decline of the top 1 per cent wealth-share, at the dynastic level, over the past century. Findings show 9 077 dynasties that are hiding £8.9 billion. |
| Keywords: | hidden wealth; inequality; economic history; big data; tax evasion |
| JEL: | N00 N33 N34 D31 H26 |
| Date: | 2022–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:113490&r=iue |
| By: | PIDE (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad) |
| Abstract: | FOREWORD - A growing and modern Pakistan! End being a perpetual patient of the global emergency ward! The economic mess in Pakistan continues. Twenty-four IMF programs later, the economy remains close to default, without investment, and under fear of continued current account and fiscal deficits.Reflecting the level of confidence in the country, investment remains exceptionally low, almost negligible. Only the informal market works to provide investment, employment, and other economic opportunities! |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:rrepot:2024:2&r=iue |