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on Informal and Underground Economics |
| By: | Dasgupta, Souvik; Kundu, Amit |
| Abstract: | Based on a micro-level field investigation conducted in the Purulia district of West Bengal (a state in India), the present paper investigates the factors influencing the incidence of distress healthcare financing among the households whose principal earning members are working as informal workers. Distress healthcare financing is defined as a situation when a household has to borrow money with interest, and/or sell assets/livestock to pay its out-of-pocket healthcare expenses. It was found that distress healthcare financing was highly influenced by catastrophic healthcare expenditure, the proportion of working members & occupation of principal earning members. |
| Keywords: | Catastrophic healthcare expenditure, Distress healthcare financing, Informal worker, Instrumental variables estimation |
| JEL: | C5 I1 I12 R2 |
| Date: | 2022–01–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:114347&r= |
| By: | Posada, Hector M.; García-Suaza, Andrés; Londoño, David |
| Abstract: | Provision of new subsidized housing projects has proven to be an effective alternative to reduce the high level of quantitative housing deficit in developing countries. However less is known about how these housing projects affect the quality of the surrounding habitat, especially when projects are located in areas with high levels of precarious housing. Using highly granular public information from Medellin, Colombia, we estimate the causal effect of new social housing projects (VIS) on housing quality indicators in the neighborhood. To estimate this causal effect, we use the geological quality of the land as an instrumental variable for a measure of exposition to new social housing projects. Our results show that new VIS projects lead to a reduction of informal housing, poverty, and crime in the neighborhood. |
| Keywords: | Public housing; Informal housing; Neighborhoods; Developing country |
| JEL: | R23 R31 R58 |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rie:riecdt:98&r= |
| By: | Koffi, Siméon |
| Abstract: | The shadow economy exists in all countries (developed and developing). This sector, which in many countries escapes any measure, causes distortions in the formal economy. It is to reduce its effect on the economy that this study was initiated to identify its determinants and its size. For the econometric analysis the MIMIC approach was preferred. The results of the study show that of the four causal variables identified (labor force, growth rate of the economy, financial development, and tax burden) only two have significant effects on the size of the informal sector: financial development and tax burden. The latter two variables have positive multiplier effects on the informal economy: 1% increase in one of these determinants could increase the size of the informal economy by almost 2%. Over the study period, 2000-2020, the size of the informal economy (% of GDP) in Côte d'Ivoire is in the range [41; 47]. |
| Keywords: | Shadow economy, MIMIC, causal variables |
| JEL: | A10 C1 D0 |
| Date: | 2022–08–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:114472&r= |
| By: | Bardey, David |
| Abstract: | En este trabajo se analiza la introducción del modelo de negocios basado en plataformas en el mercado laboral colombiano, que se caracteriza por un alto nivel de informalidad. Estos modelos generan valor y flexibilidad, tanto para los consumidores como para los trabajadores. Sin embargo, en este modelo, conocido como “trabajo a demanda”, la empresa de plataforma transfiere el riesgo de las variaciones en la demanda de sus servicios a los trabajadores, que disponen de pocas herramientas para manejarlo, lo que termina por reforzar las precarias condiciones laborales que los caracterizan. El estudio analiza esta transferencia de riesgo inherente a ese esquema de contratación desde la perspectiva de la teoría de contratos y sugiere cambios normativos para moderarla. También se examina el papel de las plataformas en el mercado laboral desde un enfoque de organización industrial y de política de la competencia. Asimismo, se revisan algunas sentencias judiciales dictadas en distintas partes del mundo con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre diversos escenarios de cambios normativos que se podrían aplicar en el mercado laboral colombiano para reducir la informalidad de los trabajadores. Se concluye que se debería trabajar en una regulación que permita extraer renta de las plataformas. |
| Keywords: | EMPLEO, MERCADO DE TRABAJO, TECNOLOGIA DIGITAL, INTERNET, TECNOLOGIA DE LA INFORMACION, TECNOLOGIA DE LAS COMUNICACIONES, CONTRATOS, ORGANIZACION INDUSTRIAL, COMPETENCIA, ECONOMIA DEL TRABAJO, DERECHO DEL TRABAJO, EMPLOYMENT, LABOUR MARKET, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY, INTERNET, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, CONTRACTS, INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION, COMPETITION, LABOUR ECONOMICS, LABOUR LAW |
| Date: | 2022–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:47906&r= |