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on Islamic Finance |
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Issue of 2021‒02‒22
seven papers chosen by Mohamed Mohamed Tolba Said International Islamic University Malaysia |
| By: | Tarmizi, Yenrizal (UIN Raden Fatah) |
| Abstract: | This study aims to determine the efforts to prevent religious radicalism in the Islamic State Higher Education (PTKIN) in Indonesia, by taking the case of five State Islamic Universities (UIN) that represent five regions in Indonesia, namely Sumatera Island, Java Island, Kalimantan Island and Sulawesi island. The efforts seen in this research are the efforts made by UIN leaders, especially the Rector, in designing, organizing and developing various academic activities for students. There are five forms of effort examined through this research, namely (1) student development policies, (2) curriculum development, (3) fostering Intra Campus Student Organizations (OMIK) and (4) coaching extra-curricular activities. Data is collected by the study of documentation, deep interviews with the Rector and other leadership elements whose main tasks and functions are relevant to student development and observation of the situation and dynamics of campus life, especially student activities. This study found that efforts to prevent religious radicalism in the UIN environment were not carried out in the form of prohibitions, not even coercive, but were carried out through passive resistance, in the form of prevention, interdiction and development of counter programs. These efforts include (1) assistance to the activities of Understanding Academic Student Culture (PBAK), (2) the development of Ma'had al Jami'ah, (3) fostering Intra-Campus Student Organizations (OMIK), (4) incorporating material on Islamic modernization into the lecture curriculum with the concept of immersion curriculum and hidden curriculum, (5) providing close mentoring and monitoring by maximizing the role of Academic Advisor (PA) lecturers, (6) developing openness through limited dialogue and (7) developing attitudes critical and analytical through discussions, seminars and public lectures. |
| Date: | 2020–12–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:srewg&r=all |
| By: | Hidayati, Ratnaningsih; Rachman, Nadya Megawati |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted most of the economy in many countries, including Republic of Korea, which is currently experiencing a recession. The purpose of writing this paper is to provide an overview of government policies and business strategies for The Republic of Korea SMEs amid the COVID- 19 pandemic. This study adopted a qualitative approach with data sources of literature reviews and interviews with the Head of the Indonesian Trade Promotion Center in Busan, The Republic of Korea. The results of the study indicate that there are at least five policies related to SMEs issued by the Government of The Republic of Korea in response to the pandemic, namely (1) Reduction and suspension of operational costs; (2) financial support package to increase liquidity; (3) Tax incentives to increase demand; (4) Fiscal support program to maintain employment; (5) Efficient and expedited administrative procedures. On the other hand, the SME business strategy implemented are (1) increasing effectivity in their business process; (2) consistency in Standard Operational Procedures;(3) utilization of information and technology;(4) strategic agility;(5) excellent customer service. |
| Date: | 2020–10–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:75wjt&r=all |
| By: | Fengjiang, Jiazhi; Steinmüller, Hans |
| Abstract: | In the last decades, business and life coaching programmes have rapidly proliferated in the People’s Republic of China. Such programmes promise radical self-transformations aiming at individual success and social responsibility. The methods of most coaching programmes popular in China today are characterized by strict discipline and emotional expressivity, which are enacted in personal bonds between participants and coaches. This article describes and analyses these processes of self-transformation for the case of the rapidly growing ‘Leadership Programmes’ (LP). In the first part we outline the social background and emergence of LP programmes in the last decade. The second part presents the typical features of LP training. The third part deals with the consequences of self-transformation as seen by participants and outsiders. Altogether, these leadership programmes constitute an important new platform where ethical subjectivities are created and negotiated among new middle-class Chinese; subjectivities that are supposed to be enterprising, responsible, and expressive. |
| Keywords: | middle class; subjectivity; business coaching; emotions; China; forthcoming |
| JEL: | J50 |
| Date: | 2021–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:107546&r=all |
| By: | Carlana, Michela (Harvard Kennedy School); La Ferrara, Eliana (Bocconi University) |
| Abstract: | In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the governments of most countries ordered the closure of schools, potentially exacerbating existing learning gaps. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of an intervention implemented in Italian middle schools that provides free individual tutoring online to disadvantaged students during lock-down. Tutors are university students who volunteer for 3 to 6 hours per week. They were randomly assigned to middle school students, from a list of potential beneficiaries compiled by school principals. Using original survey data collected from students, parents, teachers and tutors, we find that the program substantially increased students' academic performance (by 0.26 SD on average) and that it significantly improved their socio-emotional skills, aspirations, and psychological well-being. Effects are stronger for children from lower socioeconomic status and, in the case of psychological well-being, for immigrant children. |
| Keywords: | tutoring, COVID-19, education, achievement, aspirations, socioemotional skills, well-being |
| JEL: | I24 I21 |
| Date: | 2021–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14094&r=all |
| By: | Silviu-Stefan Petriman (Bucharest Bar, Bucharest, Romania) |
| Abstract: | As provided for in the Maastricht Treaty, Article 6 of the European Union is based on the following principles: freedom, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and the rule of law, principles common to the Member States of the European Union. Fundamental rights are the basis of the principles of law, the observance of which is ensured by the Community judicature. Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the European Commission solemnly proclaim the Charter of Fundamental Rights (at the European Council in Nice on 7-11 December 2000). Given that the European Union is stepping up its fight against tax evasion, which is also a cause of the budget deficit and a threat to fair competition, combating tax evasion is a key challenge. |
| Keywords: | tax law, the European Union, tax evasion, principles of law, budget deficit |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:apaper:024pss&r=all |
| By: | Tahani Alabdali (Imam Mohammed bin Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia) |
| Abstract: | The present paper examines the relationship between requester's feeling of entitlement and the types of politeness strategies they use. According to Brown and Levinson's model of politeness (1987), speakers choose their preferred super-strategy as well as the complication level of the act based on calculations they perform on the act. These calculations are influenced by three factors, namely, Power(P), Distance(D), and Rank of imposition(R). The first two factors relate to the assumed relationship between the interlocutors during the interaction, and they are easily measured based on the social and contextual factors governing the situation. However, the weight of R can not be accurately measured, and although it is done spontaneously by language users, it cannot be left to the instinctive evaluation of the researcher. Therefore, one factor that is assumed to affect the weight of the imposition, entitlement, is placed under consideration in this research. Using the sociopragamtic approach, the researcher analysed a two-question questionnaire that ask university students to freely discuss what they want from their course instructor (the researcher). The only difference between the two questions is related to the sample's evaluation of their entitlement in the requested acts. In the first question, they were asked to write their rights, while in the second they were asked to write their wishes. The results detected a preference of the NP super-strategy in the respondents' answers regarding what they believed to be entitled to. Moreover, flouting the quantity maxim was an observed pattern in the responses to the question related to their assumed rights. Both findings suggest that entitlement can be manipulated by the speaker to trick the requestee into believing in the requester's right to the requested act, hence, reducing the rank of imposition. |
| Keywords: | Pragmatics, Politeness theory, Requests, Grice's maxims, entitlement |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:apaper:003ta&r=all |
| By: | Bandara, S.; Ignaciuk, S.; Hewage, A.; Kwon, J.; Munaweera, T.; Scognamillo, A.; Sitko, N. |
| Abstract: | Increased incidences of drought and water scarcity due to climate change is an important challenge facing Sri Lanka’s agricultural sector. Identifying farm practices that can reduce its adverse impacts on agricultural production and farmers’ livelihoods is a key policy objective in Sri Lanka. This paper makes use of household survey data collected in Anurādhapura District to evaluate the impacts of 11 drought adaptation practices adopted by farmers in the district. The impacts of the practices are estimated simultaneously along two dimensions: 1) impact on sensitivity to water stress (measured in terms of the probability of experiencing crop loss due to wilting) and 2) impact on household livelihood (measured in terms of total value of crops harvested and total gross household income). After accounting for a wide range of confounding factors, five practices are found to be associated with a reduced sensitivity to water stress. However, only two of these are simultaneously associated with a higher gross value of crops harvested, while none is associated with significant differences in household income relative to non-adopters. The reasons for this vary by practice, but are linked to opportunity costs of household labour and market weaknesses for crops other than rice. Making climate adaptation practices profitable is a key challenge faced by policy-makers and will require a holistic research and extension approach that is bundled with complementary support to market institutions, such as appropriate mechanization services, value chain support for other field crops and input supply systems. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2021–02–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:309363&r=all |