nep-ipr New Economics Papers
on Intellectual Property Rights
Issue of 2025–09–01
two papers chosen by
Giovanni Battista Ramello, Università di Turino
  1. Seeing Through Green: Text-Based Classification and the Firm's Returns from Green Patents By Lapo Santarlasci; Armando Rungi; Antonio Zinilli
  2. Prizes and Patents: Female Innovation in Colonial Australia By Grant Fleming; Frank Liu; David Merrett; Simon Ville
  1. By: Lapo Santarlasci; Armando Rungi; Antonio Zinilli
    Abstract: This paper introduces Natural Language Processing for identifying ``true'' green patents from official supporting documents. We start our training on about 12.4 million patents that had been classified as green from previous literature. Thus, we train a simple neural network to enlarge a baseline dictionary through vector representations of expressions related to environmental technologies. After testing, we find that ``true'' green patents represent about 20\% of the total of patents classified as green from previous literature. We show heterogeneity by technological classes, and then check that `true' green patents are about 1\% less cited by following inventions. In the second part of the paper, we test the relationship between patenting and a dashboard of firm-level financial accounts in the European Union. After controlling for reverse causality, we show that holding at least one ``true'' green patent raises sales, market shares, and productivity. If we restrict the analysis to high-novelty ``true'' green patents, we find that they also yield higher profits. Our findings underscore the importance of using text analyses to gauge finer-grained patent classifications that are useful for policymaking in different domains.
    Date: 2025–07
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2507.02287
  2. By: Grant Fleming; Frank Liu; David Merrett; Simon Ville
    Abstract: We analyse prize winners at international exhibitions held in Australia in the second half of the nineteenth century as a means of estimating the significance of female inventors. It provides an alternative measure from the more common focus on patents. While both methodologies – patents and exhibitions – have shortcomings, exhibitions appear to be more inclusive of sectors in which female inventiveness was concentrated including apparel, textiles and the creative arts. This is confirmed by the larger share of women inventors as exhibition prize-winners compared with patentees. Female patentees and prize-winners possessed similar characteristics – many were married, lived locally, and were occasional and individualist in their creative habits.
    Keywords: Female inventors; Australia; international exhibitions; prize winners; creative industries; patenting
    Date: 2025–08
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:auu:hpaper:133
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