| Abstract: |
This study investigates the controversial role of Intellectual Property Rights
(IPRs) in climate technology transfer and innovation in developing countries.
Using a systematic literature review and expert interviews, we assess the role
of IPRs on three sources of climate technology: (1) international technology
transfer, (2) adaptive innovation, and (3) indigenous innovation. Our
contributions are threefold. First, patents have limited impact in any of
these channels, suggesting that current debates over IPRs may be directed
towards the wrong targets. Second, trademarks and utility models provide
incentives for climate innovation in the countries studied. Third, drawing
from the results, we develop a framework to guide policy on how IPRs can work
better in the broader context of climate and trade policies, outlining
distinct mechanisms to support mitigation and adaptation. Our results indicate
that market mechanisms, especially trade and demand-pull policies, should be
prioritised for mitigation solutions. Adaptation differs, relying more on
indigenous innovation due to local needs and low demand. Institutional
mechanisms, such as finance and co-development, should be prioritised to build
innovation capacities for adaptation. |