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on Intellectual Property Rights |
| By: | Hémous, David; Lepot, Simon; Sampson, Thomas; Schärer, Julian |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a first comprehensive quantitative analysis of optimal patent policy in the global economy. We introduce a new framework, which combines trade and growth theory into a tractable tool for quantitative research. Our application delivers three main results. First, the potential gains from international cooperation over patent policies are large. Second, only a small share of these gains has been realized so far. And third, the WTO's TRIPS agreement has been counterproductive, slightly reducing welfare in the Global South and for the world. Overall, there is substantial scope for policy reform. |
| Keywords: | trade policy; innovation; growth; patents; TRIPS |
| JEL: | F13 F43 O34 |
| Date: | 2023–11–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:121295&r=ipr |
| By: | Géraldine Michel (IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School); Carlos Torelli; Nathalie Fleck; Benoit Hubert |
| Abstract: | The results from a large survey (N = 2010) show that the positive effects of the congruity between brand values and consumers' ongoing value priorities on a variety of consumers' responses to brands can be generalized to the different value types in Schwartz's framework. More importantly, findings from this survey show that, although brands embody values incongruent with consumers' ongoing value priorities, they trigger a positive effect on the same consumers' responses when these values are associated with a cultural ideal. Results were robust and emerged for a variety of product categories and brands. Furthermore, results from a lab experiment demonstrate that, compared to brands that embody consumers' ongoing value priorities, those that additionally embody nonprioritized values associated with an ideal self induce feelings of self-expansion, which in turn leads to more favorable consumer responses to brands. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings for the branding literature are discussed. |
| Date: | 2022–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03518525&r=ipr |
| By: | Merouani, Youssouf (Department of Economic History, Lund University); Perrin, Faustine (Department of Economic History, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | The gender patenting gap is well-established and is wide. Despite important progress made over the past decades, the gap remains. Why are women underrepresented in patenting activities? What are the roots of the gender patenting gap? How did the gap evolve since the ‘modern’ patenting system was established? Our knowledge of women’s contribution to innovative activities in the past is extremely scarce. We build an original dataset covering the entirety of French patents to investigate the extent to which women patented relative to men in France during the long nineteenth century and explores the factors behind the historical gender patenting gap. We find that despite the absence of scientific and technical education opportunities for women and the presence of institutional barriers, women, including those who were married, took an active part in the innovation process. The empirical analysis conducted in the paper suggests that explanations of the origins and persistence of the gender patenting gap have to be found outside of the patent system itself. |
| Keywords: | Patent; Innovation; Gender; Women; Nineteenth Century; France |
| JEL: | J16 N33 O30 |
| Date: | 2024–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:luekhi:0255&r=ipr |