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on Intellectual Property Rights |
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Issue of 2021‒02‒15
five papers chosen by Giovanni Ramello Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” |
| By: | Madhuparna Ganguly (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research) |
| Abstract: | We model a patent regime in which an innovating firm can partially recover its damage due to scientist movement from the infringing rival. The strength of the patent system, which is a function of litigation success probability and recovery proportion, stipulates expected indemnification. We show that stronger patents fail to reduce the likelihood of infringement and further, decrease the innovation's expected profitability. Higher potential reparation also reduces the scientist's expected return on R&D knowledge, entailing greater R&D investment. The expected effects manifest when the market for the new product is moderately competitive. Our results suggest important considerations for patent reforms. |
| Keywords: | Competition intensity, Damage rules, Patent strength, Scientist mobility |
| JEL: | J60 K40 L11 L13 O34 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:igiwpp:2020-037&r=all |
| By: | Dechezlepretre, Antoine; Hemous, David; Olsen, Morten; Zanella, Carlo |
| Abstract: | Do higher wages lead to more automation innovation? To answer this question, we first introduce a new measure of automation by using the frequency of certain keywords in patent text to identify automation innovations in machinery. We validate our measure by showing that it is correlated with a reduction in routine tasks in a cross-sectoral analysis in the US. Then we build a firm-level panel dataset on automation patents. We combine macroeconomic data from 41 countries and information on geographical patent history to build firm-specific measures of lowskill and high-skill wages. We find that an increase in low-skill wages leads to more automation innovation with an elasticity between 2 and 4. An increase in highskill wages tends to reduce automation innovation. Placebo regressions show that the effect is specific to automation innovations. Finally, we use the Hartz labor market reforms in Germany for an event study and find that they are associated with a relative reduction in automation innovations. |
| Keywords: | automation; innovation; patents; income inequality |
| JEL: | O31 O33 J20 |
| Date: | 2020–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:108420&r=all |
| By: | Antoine Dechezleprêtre; David Hémous; Morten Olsen; Carlo Zanella |
| Abstract: | Do higher wages lead to more automation innovation? To answer this question, we first introduce a new measure of automation by using the frequency of certain keywords in patent text to identify automation innovations in machinery. We validate our measure by showing that it is correlated with a reduction in routine tasks in a cross-sectoral analysis in the US. Then we build a firm-level panel dataset on automation patents. We combine macroeconomic data from 41 countries and information on geographical patent history to build firm-specific measures of lowskill and high-skill wages. We find that an increase in low-skill wages leads to more automation innovation with an elasticity between 2 and 4. An increase in highskill wages tends to reduce automation innovation. Placebo regressions show that the effect is specific to automation innovations. Finally, we use the Hartz labor market reforms in Germany for an event study and find that they are associated with a relative reduction in automation innovations. |
| Keywords: | automation, innovation, patents, income inequality |
| JEL: | O31 O33 J20 |
| Date: | 2020–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1679.pdf&r=all |
| By: | Kritthana Janwattanaphanit (Khon Kaen University/Faculty of Business Administration and Accountancy, Thailand); Pensri Jaroenwanit (Khon Kaen University/Faculty of Business Administration and Accountancy, Thailand) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this research was to study the demographic and brand experience factors that affected the brand advocacy in sporting goods businesses. The sample groups were the consumers who have used these services before and currently still used sport. The number of the consumers was 400 persons. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, and standard deviation, t-test, f-test, one way ANOVA and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient at 0.05 level of statistical significance.The result of the research indicated that demographic characteristics and brand experience factors had different effects on the consumer sports brand advocacy in Khon Kaen Province significantly at .05 levels. |
| Keywords: | Brand Experience, Brand Advocacy |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:bpaper:026kj&r=all |
| By: | Stefano Bolatto; Alireza Naghavi; Gianmarco Ottaviano; Katja Zajc Kejzar |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces the concept of intangible assets in a property rights model of sequential supply chains. Firms transmit knowledge to their suppliers to facilitate input customization. Yet, to avoid knowledge dissipation, they must protect the transmitted intangibles, the cost of which depends on the knowledge intensity of inputs and the quality of institutions protecting intellectual property rights (IPR) in supplier locations. When input knowledge intensity increases (decreases) downstream and suppliers' investments are complements, the probability of integrating a randomly selected input is decreasing (increasing) in IPR quality and increasing (decreasing) in the relative knowledge intensity of downstream inputs. Opposite but weaker predictions hold when suppliers' investments are substitutes. Comprehensive trade and FDI data on Slovenian firms' value chains provide evidence in support of our model's predictions. They also suggest that, in line with our model, better institutions may have very different effects on firm organization depending on whether they improve the protection of tangible or intangible assets. |
| Keywords: | sequential production, intellectual property, intangible assets, appropriability, stage complementarity, upstreamness, firm organization, outsourcing, vertical integration |
| JEL: | F12 F14 F21 F23 D23 L22 L23 L24 O34 |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1673&r=all |