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on Intellectual Property Rights |
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Issue of 2020‒04‒20
three papers chosen by Giovanni Ramello Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” |
| By: | MOTOHASHI Kazuyuki |
| Abstract: | The linked dataset of AI research articles and patents reveals that a substantial public sector contribution is found for AI development. In addition, the role of researchers who are involved both in publication and patent activities, particularly in the private sector, increased over time. That is, open science that is publicly available through research articles and propriety technology that is protected by patents are intertwined in AI development. In addition, the impact of data science, measured by AI research articles on innovation, is analyzed by patent citation analysis. It is found that patents invented by AI paper authors are more likely to have more forward citations by other applicants (non-self-citation), in wider technology fields (greater generality index). This implies that the nature of general purpose technology (GPT) for data science is elevated by the fact that patent inventors are also involved with scientific activities and published as research authors. |
| Date: | 2020–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:20010&r=all |
| By: | IKEUCHI Kenta; MOTOHASHI Kazuyuki |
| Abstract: | In addition to technological superiority (functional value), attention to design superiority (semantic value) is increasing as a source of competitiveness in product markets. In this research, we have created a linked data set of utility patent and design patent information from the Japan Patent Office to evaluate design patent data as a source of understanding design innovation. First, machine learning was performed on a classification model to disambiguate the same inventor / creator on patent right/design right applications using data from applications from the Japanese Patent Office. By interconnecting the inventor's and creator's identifiers estimated by the learned classification model, we identified design creators who also created the patented invention. Next, an empirical analysis is conducted to characterize the design created by a utility patent inventor. It was found that about half of design patents are found to be created by the same individuals who are involved in the relevant utility patents. However, the division of labor between designers (creators of design patents) and engineers (inventors of utility patents) is advancing, particularly in large firms. |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:20005&r=all |
| By: | Michela Giorcelli; Petra Moser |
| Abstract: | This paper exploits exogenous variation in the adoption of copyrights – as a result of the timing of Napoléon’s military victories in Italy – to examine the effects of copyrights on creativity. To measure changes in creative output we compare changes in the creation of new operas across states with and without copyrights. Difference-in-differences analyses show that basic copyrights increased both the number and the quality of operas, measured by their popularity and durability. Notably, there is no evidence of comparable benefits for extensions in copyright lengths. Complementary analyses for other types of musical compositions confirm the main results. |
| JEL: | K0 N23 O3 O34 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26885&r=all |