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on Intellectual Property Rights |
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Issue of 2020‒02‒17
two papers chosen by Giovanni Ramello Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” |
| By: | Fabio Montobbio; Jacopo Staccioli; Maria Enrica Virgillito; Marco Vivarelli |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the presence of explicit labour-saving heuristics within robotic patents. It analyses innovative actors engaged in robotic technology and their economic environment (identity, location, industry), and identifies the technological fields particularly exposed to labour-saving innovations. It exploits advanced natural language processing and probabilistic topic modelling techniques on the universe of patent applications at the USPTO between 2009 and 2018, matched with ORBIS (Bureau van Dijk) firm-level dataset. The results show that labour-saving patent holders comprise not only robots producers, but also adopters. Consequently, labour-saving robotic patents appear along the entire supply chain. The paper shows that labour-saving innovations challenge manual activities (e.g. in the logistics sector), activities entailing social intelligence (e.g. in the healthcare sector) and cognitive skills (e.g. learning and predicting). |
| Keywords: | Robotic Patents; Labour-Saving Technology; Search Heuristics; Probabilistic Topic Models. |
| Date: | 2020–02–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2020/03&r=all |
| By: | Horn, Henrik (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)) |
| Abstract: | Standards often require the use of patented technologies. Holders of standard-essential patents (SEPs) typically commit to make their patents available on "fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory" (FRAND) terms. National competition authorities increasingly intervene against perceived FRAND violations. But which competition authority should regulate SEPs that affect more than one country? The paper uses a very simple economic framework to assess the impact of three main legal bases for allocating jurisdiction: territoriality, nationality, and cross-border e¤ects. The findings are negative: neither base will implement a jointly efficient outcome, and the relative performance of the bases depends on the particular circumstances at hand. |
| Keywords: | Standard-essential patents; International jurisdiction; Default rules |
| JEL: | F15 K21 K33 L40 O38 |
| Date: | 2020–01–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1314&r=all |