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on Intellectual Property Rights |
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Issue of 2015‒01‒09
eight papers chosen by Giovanni Ramello Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” |
| By: | Mark Duggan (Stanford University); Craig Garthwaite (Northwestern University); Aparajita Goyal (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | In 2005, as the result of a World Trade Organization mandate, India began to implement product patents for pharmaceuticals that were compliant with the 1995 Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). We combine pharmaceutical product sales data for India with a newly gathered dataset of molecule-linked patents issued by the Indian patent office. Exploiting variation in the timing of patent decisions, we estimate that a molecule receiving a patent experienced an average price increase of just 3-6 percent with larger increases for more recently developed molecules and for those produced by just one firm when the patent system began. Our results also show little impact on quantities sold or on the number of pharmaceutical firms operating in the market. |
| Date: | 2014–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sip:dpaper:14-005&r=ipr |
| By: | Simplice Anutechia Asongu (Association of African Young Economists) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how Africa’s share in the contribution to global scientific knowledge can be boosted with existing Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) mechanisms. The findings which broadly indicate that tight IPRs are correlated with knowledge contribution can be summarized in two main points. First, the enshrinement of IPRs laws in a country’s Constitution is a good condition for knowledge economy. Secondly, while Main IP laws, WIPO treaties and bilateral treaties are positively correlated with scientific publications, the IPRs law channel has a negative correlation. Whereas the study remains expositional, it does however offer interesting insights into the need for IPRs in the promotion of knowledge contribution within sampled countries of the continent. Other policy implications are discussed. |
| Keywords: | Publications, Intellectual property rights, Governance, Africa |
| JEL: | A20 F42 O34 O38 O55 |
| Date: | 2014–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aay:wpaper:14_022&r=ipr |
| By: | Heger, Diana; Zaby, Alexandra K. |
| Abstract: | Technology leaders protecting a technological headstart with a patent are provided with a powerful legal measure to restrict market entry. We analyze the impact of knowledge spillover on the decision to patent and the effect of varying patent breadth on the threat of market entry. An empirical test of our theoretical results suggests that (i) a large technological lead is protected by a patent only in industries with high knowledge spillover, and that (ii) patent breadth can mitigate the market entry threat. |
| Keywords: | patenting decision,disclosure requirement,patent breadth,market entry threat,IPC codes |
| JEL: | L13 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:tuewef:77&r=ipr |
| By: | Asongu Simplice (Yaoundé/Cameroun) |
| Abstract: | This paper is an extension of the debate on the nexus between the strength of IPRs and prospects for knowledge economy. It assesses the relationships between software piracy and scientific publications in African countries for which data is available. The findings which reveal a positive nexus are broadly consistent with the school of thought postulating that, the East Asian miracle has been largely due to weaker IPRs regimes at the early stages of development. As a policy implication, less stringent IPRs regimes on scientific-related software (at least in the short-run) will substantially boost contributions to and dissemination of knowledge through scientific and technical publications in Africa. IPRs laws (treaties) on scientific-oriented software should be strengthened in tandem with progress in: scientific and technical publications and; knowledge spillovers essential for economic growth and development. More policy implications are discussed. |
| Keywords: | Publications; Piracy; Intellectual property rights; Governance; Africa |
| JEL: | A20 F42 O34 O38 O55 |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:14/018&r=ipr |
| By: | BELLEFLAMME, Paul (Université catholique de Louvain, CORE and LSM, Belgium); PEITZ, Martin (University of Mannheim) |
| Abstract: | This note summarizes and updates our previous survey of the economics of digital piracy (Belleflamme and Peitz, 2012). |
| Keywords: | information good, piracy, copyright, IP protection, internet, peer-to-peer, software, music |
| JEL: | L11 L82 L86 |
| Date: | 2014–06–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cor:louvco:2014019&r=ipr |
| By: | Parguel, Béatrice; Delécolle, Thierry; Valette-Florence, Pierre |
| Abstract: | Based on two experimental studies, this paper investigates the impact of price display in the luxury sector on perceived brand luxury and brand attitude. Using a sample of students, Study1 shows that price display is associated with higher perceived quality, uniqueness, and conspicuousness for a fictitious luxury brand presented in a store window. Using two real luxury brands and a larger sample of consumers, Study 2 confirms the positive effect of price display on the brand’s perceived conspicuousness, and shows that this transfers to brand attitude. This paper adds value to the existing literature in luxury marketing and provides insights for managers of luxury brands on the effects of price display. |
| Keywords: | Price display; Luxury goods; Luxury perceptions; Brand attitude; Affichage du prix; Produits de luxe; Perceptions du luxe; Attitude envers la marque; |
| JEL: | D11 D12 L81 M31 |
| Date: | 2014–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dau:papers:123456789/14326&r=ipr |
| By: | Xing Li (Stanford University); Megan MacGarvie (Boston University); Petra Moser (Stanford University) |
| Abstract: | This paper exploits a differential increase in copyright under the UK Copyright Act of 1814 - in favor of books by dead authors – to examine the influence of longer copyrights on price. Difference-in-differences analyses, which compare changes in the price of books by dead and living authors, indicate a substantial increase in price in response to an extension in copyright length. By comparison, placebo regressions for books by dead authors that did not benefit from the extension indicate no differential increase. Historical evidence suggests that longer copyrights increase price by improving publishers’ ability to practice intertemporal price discrimination. |
| Keywords: | Copyright, creativity, innovation, information goods, culture, intertemporal price discrimination. |
| JEL: | O3 K00 N33 |
| Date: | 2014–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sip:dpaper:14-001&r=ipr |
| By: | Müller, Stephan; Götz, Georg |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we study the rational for an incumbent to launch a second brand when facing potential entry in a market with quality differentiated products and a fringe producer. Depending on market size, costs for a second brand and a potential entrant's setup cost the incumbent might use a second brand both when deterring and when accommodating entry. The analysis generates predictions about the equilibrium degree of product differentiation, the presence of a multiproduct incumbent, and the determinants of successful entry. |
| Keywords: | multiproduct firms,quality competition,vertical product differentiation,entry accommodation,entry deterrence |
| JEL: | L13 D43 M31 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cegedp:223&r=ipr |