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on Intellectual Property Rights |
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Issue of 2014‒12‒13
four papers chosen by Giovanni Ramello Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” |
| By: | Hall B.H.; Sena V. (UNU-MERIT) |
| Abstract: | We use an extended version of the well-established Crepon, Duguet and Mairesse model 1998 to model the relationship between appropriability mechanisms, innovation and firm-level productivity. We enrich this model in several ways. First, we consider different types of innovation spending and study the differences in estimates when innovation spending rather than RD spending is used to predict innovation in the CDM model. Second, we assume that a firm simultaneously innovates and chooses among different appropriability methods formal or informal to protect the innovation. Finally, in the third stage, we estimate the impact of the innovation output conditional on the choice of appropriability mechanisms on firmsf productivity. We find that firms that innovate and rate formal methods for the protection of Intellectual Property IP highly are more productive than other firms, but that the same does not hold in the case of informal methods for the protection of a firmfs IP, except possibly for large firms as opposed to SMEs. We also find that this result is strongest for firms in the services, trade, and utility sectors, and negative in the manufacturing sector. |
| Keywords: | Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope; Technological Change; Research and Development; Intellectual Property Rights: General; Intellectual Property Rights; |
| JEL: | O34 O30 L25 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2014059&r=ipr |
| By: | Lafond F.D. (UNU-MERIT) |
| Abstract: | Categorization is an important phenomenon in science and society, and classification systems reflect the mesoscale organization of knowledge. The Yule-Simon-Naranan model, which assumes exponential growth of the number of categories and exponential growth of individual categories predicts a power law Pareto size distribution, and a power law size-rank relation Zipfs law. However, the size distribution of patent subclasses departs from a pure power law, and is shown to be closer to a shifted power law. At a higher aggregation level patent classes, the rank-size relation deviates even more from a pure power law, and is shown to be closer to a generalized beta curve. These patterns can be explained by assuming a shifted exponential growth of individual categories to obtain a shifted power law size distribution for subclasses, and by assuming an asymmetric logistic growth of the number of categories to obtain a generalized beta size-rank relationship for classes. This may suggest a shift towards incremental more than radical innovation. |
| Keywords: | Technological Change; Research and Development; Intellectual Property Rights: General; Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives; |
| JEL: | O30 O31 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2014060&r=ipr |
| By: | Author-Name: Stephen Bazen (Aix-Marseille University (Aix-Marseille School of Economics) GREQAM / CNRS and EHESS); Laurence Bouvard (Aix-Marseille University (Aix-Marseille School of Economics) GREQAM / CNRS and EHESS); Jean-Benoît Zimmermann (Aix-Marseille University (Aix-Marseille School of Economics) GREQAM / CNRS and EHESS) |
| Abstract: | Jamendo is a website for the legal, free downloading of music. This platform of “free” online music, the biggest in the world, operates on the basis of Creative Commons licences. The survey presented here was carried out on a sample of 767 artists (solo musicians or groups) who are members of Jamendo. Our purpose in carrying out this survey was to identify as precisely as possible the characteristics of the artists present on Jamendo and the type of CC licence they choose in order to better understand the motives for their choices. To go further, the question is that of the Jamendo business model from the artists’ point of view. Does Jamendo simply represent a great opportunity for amateurs to showcase their music and win an audience? Or is Jamendo also capable of attracting professional artists, for whom earning an income from their music is essential? To put it another way, the underlying question is whether platforms like Jamendo constitute a possible alternative model for the music industry of tomorrow. |
| Keywords: | music, intellectual property, Creative Commons, business model |
| Date: | 2014–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:1447&r=ipr |
| By: | Huang, Lu; Liu, Yizao |
| Abstract: | This study examines how brand values of different carbonated soft drink (CSD) products change over time and how advertising and social media exposure contribute to brand building. The model consists of two stages. In the first stage, we adopt a structural approach to estimate the brand equities of 12 CSD products and measure the brand values in a Bertrand-Nash equilibrium. In the second stage, we study the impacts of marketing-mix variables on brand values. The empirical results show that both advertising expenditure and the quality of social media activity are important to brand value while the increase in the total social media activity has little effect. |
| Keywords: | Carbonated soft drinks, Social media, Advertising, Demand and Price Analysis, Industrial Organization, Marketing, D12, L66, M37, |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea14:172389&r=ipr |