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on Intellectual Property Rights |
| By: | Parrotta, Pierpaolo (Aarhus School of Business); Pozzoli, Dario (Aarhus University); Pytlikova, Mariola (Aarhus School of Business) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we investigate the nexus between firm labor diversity and innovation using a linked employer-employee data from Denmark. Specifically, exploiting information retrieved from this comprehensive database and implementing proper instrumental variable strategies, we are able to identify the contribution of workers' diversity in cultural background, education and demographic characteristics to valuable firm's innovation activity. The latter is measured by: (1) the firm's propensity to apply for a patent, (2) the number of patent applications (intensive margin) and (3) the firm's ability to patent in different technological areas (extensive margin). We find that ethnic diversity plays an important role in propelling firm's innovation outcomes. |
| Keywords: | labor diversity, ethnic diversity, patenting activity, extensive and intensive margins |
| JEL: | J15 J16 J24 J61 J82 O32 |
| Date: | 2012–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp6972&r=ipr |
| By: | Laurent Fournier (Chercheur Indépendant - Aucune) |
| Abstract: | We introduce a new economic system suited for Intangible Goods (ig). We argue that such system can now be implemented in the real world using advance technics in distributed network computing and cryptography. The specification of the so called cupnet is presented. To Limit the number of financial transactions, the system is forced to define its own currency, with many benefits. The new ''cup'' currency, extended worldwide, is dedicated to ig, available only for person-to-person trading, protected from speculation and adapted for tax recovery with no additional computation. Those nices features makes the cupnet a new democratic tool, fixing specific issues in ig trading and reviving a whole domain activity. We emphasis on the fact that all proposed documentation, algorithm, program in any language related to this proposal shall be open-source without any possibility to post any patent of any sort on the system or subsystem. This new trading model should be considered as a pure intellectual construction, like parts of Mathematics and then belongs to nobody or everybody, like $1+1=2$. Next step will be to test, validate the security of various implementations details, and to ask for legal rules adaptations. |
| Keywords: | Intangibles Goods; Economics; Peer-to-Peer; Strong Authentication, Intellectual Property; |
| Date: | 2012–10–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-00747413&r=ipr |
| By: | Lionel Nesta (Ofce sciences-po); Francesco Vona (Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques Author-Workplace-Postal :69, quai d'Orsay, Paris 75007, France); Francesco Nicolli (University of Ferrara) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the effectiveness of policies in favor of innovation in renew- able energy under dierent levels of competition. Using information regarding renewable energy policies, product market regulation and high-quality green patents for OECD countries since the late 1970s, we develop a pre-sample mean count-data econometric specification that also accounts for the endogeneity of policies. We nd that renewable energy policies are significantly more effective in fostering green innovation in countries with deregulated energy markets. We also nd that public support for renewable energy is crucial only in the genera- tion of high-quality green patents, whereas competition enhances the generation of green patents irrespective of their quality. |
| Keywords: | renwable energy technology, patents,environmental policies, product market regulation,policy complementarity |
| JEL: | Q55 Q58 Q42 Q48 O34 |
| Date: | 2012–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fce:doctra:1225&r=ipr |
| By: | Mads Greaker and Tom-Reiel Heggedal (Statistics Norway) |
| Abstract: | The major claim in Acemoglu, Aghion, Bursztyn & Hemous (2012) (AABH) is that subsidies for research and development of clean technologies are more important than carbon taxes when dealing with climate change. However, they – unconventionally – assume that a patent only lasts for one period. In this note we introduce long-lived patents into the AABH model. This makes the role of a research subsidy for clean technologies in AABH far less crucial and reestablishes the role of the carbon tax. This is good news as it is far easier to tax emissions than to pick the right technologies to subsidize. |
| Keywords: | Environment; directed technological change; innovation policy |
| JEL: | O30 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2012–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssb:dispap:713&r=ipr |
| By: | Simplice A, Asongu |
| Abstract: | In the current efforts of harmonizing the standards and enforcement of IPRs protection worldwide, this paper explores software piracy trajectories and dynamics in Africa. Using a battery of estimation techniques that ignore as well as integrate short-run disturbances in time-dynamic fashion, we answer the big questions policy makers are most likely to ask before harmonizing IPRs regimes in the battle against software piracy. Three main findings are established. (1) African countries with low software piracy rates are catching-up their counterparts with higher rates; implying despite existing divergent IPRs systems, convergence in piracy rate could be a genuine standard-setting platform. (2) Legal origins do not play a very significant role in the convergence process. (3) A genuine timeframe for standardizing IPRs laws in the fight against piracy is most likely between a horizon of 4 to 8 years. In other words, full (100%) convergence within the specified horizon will mean the enforcements of IPRs regimes without distinction of nationality and locality. |
| Keywords: | Software piracy; Intellectual property rights; Panel data; Convergence |
| JEL: | F42 O38 O34 O57 K42 |
| Date: | 2012–07–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:42466&r=ipr |
| By: | Stephan, Andreas (Jönköping International Business School, CESIS Stockholm, DIW Berlin) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of the paper is to analyze whether research spin-offs, that is, spinoffs from either research institutes or universities, have greater innovation capabilities than comparable knowledge-intensive firms created in other ways. Using a sample of about 1,800 firms from high-innovative sectors, propensity score matching is used to create a sample of control firms that are comparable to the group of spin-offs. The paper provides evidence that the investigated 123 research spin-offs have more patent applications and more radical product innovations on average compared to similar firms. The results also show that research spin-offs’ superior innovation performance can be explained by their high level of research cooperation activities and by location effects. Being located in an urban region and proximity to parent institutions is conducive for innovation productivity. |
| Keywords: | Spin-Offs; Innovation Performance; Propensity Score Matching; Locational Factors; Cooperation |
| JEL: | M13 O18 R30 |
| Date: | 2012–11–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0287&r=ipr |
| By: | INOUE Tatsuhiko; NAGAYAMA Susumu |
| Abstract: | This study shows empirical research regarding the value creation network as it relates to facilitating product innovation. What kind of influence does "network broadening" with new players or "network reinforcing" with existing players have on value creation and innovation generation? Furthermore, what kind of environmental change causes network reinforcing and network broadening? This paper attempts a network analysis of the Japanese music industry; a case considered to be at the forefront even in the contents industry, which has been receiving attention in recent years from movements such as the Cool Japan policy. We gave particular attention to the value creation network consisting of multiple players, each of whom possesses varying business models. Due to the differences in the method of revenue generation, it is predicted that, given the environmental uncertainty, relationship building would vary. The result shows that because of factors such as the differences in business models between music production related factors and the investment related factors in shared copyright, there are contrasting relationship building patterns in a context of environmental uncertainty. In addition, the study indicates that product innovation is stimulated through network broadening by the production related factors and that value creation is prompted by network reinforcing of investment related factors. |
| Date: | 2012–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:rdpsjp:12035&r=ipr |