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on Intellectual Property Rights |
| By: | Yair Tauman (Department of Economics, Stony Brook University); Debrapiya Sen (Department of Economics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.) |
| Abstract: | This article considers the problem of patent licensing in a Cournot oligopoly under a class of general demand functions. We consider two cases, the case where the innovator is an outsider and the one where it is one of the incumbent rms. The licensing policies considered are upfront fees, royalties and combinations of the two. It is shown that (i) for generic values of magnitudes of the innovation, a royalty policy is better than fee or auction provided the industry size is relatively large, (ii) under combinations of fees and royalties, provided the innovation is relatively signicant (or the industry size is relatively large), (a) there is always an optimal policy where the innovation is licensed to practically all rms of the industry and (b) any optimal combination includes a positive royalty. |
| Date: | 2012–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nys:sunysb:12-05&r=ipr |
| By: | Klumpp, Tilman (University of Alberta, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides an overview of internet file sharing networks and explores the relationship between technological, economic, and legal aspects of file sharing. I chronicle the evolution of content sharing technology since the 1990s, and examine the role of network architecture for a copyright holder’s choice of enforcement strategy as well as users’ responses to enforcement tactics. Some conjectures for possible future enforcement approaches are also derived. The target audience of this survey consists of economists and legal scholars interested in intellectual property rights and internet file sharing. |
| Keywords: | file sharing; peer-to-peer networks; network architecture; intellectual property rights; copyright enforcement |
| JEL: | D85 K11 K42 L82 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2012–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:albaec:2012_019&r=ipr |
| By: | Yuezhou Cai, Aoife Hanley |
| Abstract: | Should inputs such as bank finance affect innovation in BRICS vs. developed countries similarly? Arguably these elasticities may depend on a country’s economic progress (Gerschenkron, 1962; Liu and White, 2001). Applying a combination of DEA and Tobit to a sample of 22 countries, we show how innovation (measured patents, scientific publications and high-tech sectoral output) responds favourably to private-sector R&D. No significant differences are recorded for BRICS countries. Differences emerge between BRICS and non-BRICS for the elasticity of innovative efficiency to banking inputs |
| Keywords: | BRICS countries, National Innovation System (NIS), innovation, DEA |
| JEL: | O30 |
| Date: | 2012–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kie:kieliw:1788&r=ipr |
| By: | Matias Kalm |
| Abstract: | Recent developments in the field of network research have led to a growing interest in interorganisational relationships among social science scholars. One of the most important research areas is related to entrepreneurship research and how relationship networks affect firm performance. However, the existing literature focuses mostly on qualitative case studies and quantitative studies that analyse mergers and acquisitions or patent types of data. By analysing connection and causality between activity in co-operational relationships and firm growth, this study seeks to empirically address the following research question : ‘How does activity in network relationships influence the growth and internationalisation of technology-based firms in emerging technology areas?’ Furthermore, the connection and causality between activity in co-operational relationships and the internationalisation rates of firms are also analysed. This analysis is based on a data set and interviews with 53 small and medium-sized firms. Both a descriptive analysis and regression methods are used to analyse the connection between activity in co-operational relationships and firm growth or internationalisation. Firm growth is measured with both revenue and the employment growth rate. In addition, the activity in in the co-operational relationships is divided into two components : increasing versus consistently high activity with network actors. To address possible causality issues, this research employs activity measures that are based on the importance of the relationships rather than simply the number of relationships. The results show that increasing activity with network actors is positively connected with firm growth as measured in both revenue and employment growth. Furthermore, the results partially support the hypothesis that consistently high activity is positively connected to firm growth. Finally, the results suggest that growth firms positively benefit from increased relationship activity with both current and prospective actors in diverse relationship networks. Moreover, the single most negative result is the relatively low impact of relationship activities on public-sector actors and networks. |
| Keywords: | interorganisational relationships, firm growth, internationalisation, networks |
| Date: | 2012–08–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:dpaper:1278&r=ipr |
| By: | Gordon M. Phillips; Alexei Zhdanov |
| Abstract: | We provide a model and empirical tests showing how an active acquisition market affects firm incentives to innovate and conduct R&D. Our model shows that small firms optimally may decide to innovate more when they can sell out to larger firms. Large firms may find it disadvantageous to engage in an "R&D race" with small firms, as they can obtain access to innovation through acquisition. Our model and evidence show that the R&D responsiveness of firms increases with demand, competition and industry merger and acquisition activity. All of these effects are stronger for smaller firms than for larger firms. |
| JEL: | G20 G3 G34 L11 L22 L25 O31 O34 |
| Date: | 2012–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:18346&r=ipr |