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on Intellectual Property Rights |
| By: | E. Agliardi |
| Date: | 2009–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bol:bodewp:677&r=ipr |
| By: | Inés Macho-Stadler; David Pérez-Castrillo |
| Abstract: | There are two main ways in which the knowledge created in universities has been transferred to firms: licensing agreements and the creation of spin-offs. In this paper, we describe the main steps in the transfer of university innovations, the main incentive issues that appear in this process, and the contractual solutions proposed to address them. |
| Date: | 2009–10–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aub:autbar:785.09&r=ipr |
| By: | Rivera, Rene (Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco); Sampedro, Jose Luis (Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco); Dutrenit, Gabriela (UNU-MERIT, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco); Ekboir, Javier Mario; Vera-Cruz, Alexandre O. (UNU-MERIT, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the effect of commercial farmers-academic researchers linkages on research productivity in fields related to agriculture. Using original data and econometric analysis, our findings show a positive and significant relationship between intensive linkages with a small number of commercial farmers and research productivity, when this is defined as publications in ISI journals. This evidence seems contrary to other contributions that argue that strong ties with the business sector reduce research productivity and distort the original purposes of university, i.e., conducting basic research and preparing highly-trained professionals. When research productivity is defined more broadly adding other types of research outputs, the relationship is also positive and significant confirming the argument that close ties between public research institutions and businesses foster the emergence of new ideas that can be translated into innovations with commercial and/or social value. Another important finding is that researchers in public institutions produce several types of research outputs; therefore, measuring research productivity only by published ISI papers misses important dimensions of research activities. |
| Keywords: | agriculture sector, research productivity, university-business sector interaction, university-industry collaboration |
| JEL: | O31 O32 Q16 Q18 |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:unumer:2009038&r=ipr |
| By: | Mandell, Svante (vti - Swedish National Road & Transport Research Institute) |
| Abstract: | A common claim in both the public and academic debate is that a tradable emission permits scheme does not provide sufficient incentives for R&D investments. The present paper addresses R&D investments and penetration rates of new technology focusing on the specific characteristics of a tradable permits market. It is showed that a complex dependency between the emissions cap, the market price for emission permits, the price for technology once it is developed and the R&D investment decision add an additional layer to the ‘traditional’ market failures associated with R&D. Even though the cap and how it is calibrated in response to the introduction of new technology is shown to be of importance both for the level of R&D investment and the technology’s penetration rate, we argue that the policy maker’s ability to use the cap to counter market failures in the R&D stage is limited. This is due to a dynamic inconsistency problem where the policy maker is unable to credibly commit to a future policy that is more stringent than motivated by efficiency concerns given the then existing technology. Such a policy may not be stringent enough to cover the necessary R&D investments. |
| Keywords: | Tradable permits; Innovation; R&D; Policy; Dynamic inconsistency |
| JEL: | L51 O31 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2009–10–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:vtiwps:2009_010&r=ipr |
| By: | Adam Copeland; Dennis Fixler (Bureau of Economic Analysis) |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a framework for constructing an R&D output price index. Based on a model of the innovator, we show that the price of innovation is equal to the expected discounted stream of profits attributable to the adoption of the innovation. Using this relationship, we construct an R&D output price index using data on NAICS 5417, Scientific R&D services. |
| JEL: | E60 |
| Date: | 2009–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bea:wpaper:0044&r=ipr |