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on Intellectual Property Rights |
| By: | Joanna Poyago-Theotoky (Department of Economics, Loughborough University and RCEA); Khemarat Talerngsri Teerasuwannajak (Faculty of Economics, Chulalongkorn University) |
| Abstract: | We study firms' preferences towards intellectual property rights (IPR) regimes in a North-South context, using a simple duopoly model where a 'North' and a 'South' firm compete in a third market. Unlike other contributions in this field, we explicitly introduce the South's capability to undertake cost-reducing R&D, but maintain the South's inferiority in utilizing and managing its R&D. In contrast to traditional results, we show that the North may encourage lax IPR protection provided that its South rival's R&D productivity is sufficiently high, while the South may find it in its best interest to strictly enforce IPR protection if its R&D productivity is low. In this sense, our results do not support the idea of universal or uniform IPR protection regime. In addition, we find that if firms are allowed to agree on any level of information exchange when IPR protection is strictly enforced, such an exchange can always be established as long as each firm is ensured that what it gets to utilize in return is greater than a half of what it gives to its rival. |
| Keywords: | intellectural property rights (IPRs), cost-reducing R&D, R&D productivity, information exchange. |
| JEL: | O34 F13 O32 O38 L13 D43 |
| Date: | 2009–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lbo:lbowps:2009_06&r=ipr |
| By: | Mariana Lopes (Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Porto); Aurora A.C. Teixeira (CEFUP, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Porto; INESC Porto) |
| Abstract: | Open Innovation is a flow of inputs and outputs of knowledge and technology which favours, at the firm level, the acceleration of the innovation process, as well as the establishment and penetration of firms in new markets. This type of innovation incorporates technological innovation from internal and external sources, as well as different ways to access markets. The empirical studies in the area reveal that there is a significant bias in favour of countries of technological frontier, such as the United States, Finland, the Netherlands, Germany or Sweden. The present study aims at covering this gap in literature by examining firms in a country of intermediate technology development – Portugal. Based on 70 innovative firms located in Portugal we found that open innovation is only partially diffused throughout these firms. In addition, open innovation is more widespread in terms of external absorption of knowledge/ technology rather than in terms of knowledge/technology transfer. This result may indicate lack of awareness about the economic potential of making available to third parties the technologies internally created. This may require a different approach to organization/management of R&D, in particular, and of innovation, in general. |
| Keywords: | Open Innovation; Intermediate technology development; Portugal. |
| JEL: | O32 |
| Date: | 2009–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:por:fepwps:314&r=ipr |
| By: | Isabel Maria Bodas Freitas (Grenoble Ecole de Management); Bart Verspagen (Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture, University of Oslo) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at analysing the impact of institutional and organizational factors on bridging industrial and university motivations for collaboration, as well as on the content, management and outcome of this relationship, in the Netherlands. In particular, we explore which type of projects, set up under specific industrial and university motivations, are more likely to face institutional barriers related to technology, market and organisational incentives frameworks. Moreover, we analyse the impact of technology transfer offices, research sponsoring, part-time professorships, and patenting on aligning university and industry motivations towards collaboration. To proceed empirically, thirty in-depth cases of successful university-industry knowledge transfer are analysed. |
| Date: | 2009–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tik:inowpp:20090304&r=ipr |
| By: | Antonelli Cristiano (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | This paper contributes the analysis of the persistence of innovation activities, as measured by total factor productivity (TFP) and explores its path pendent caracteristics. The empirical analysis of firm level TFP for a sample of 7020 Italian manufacturing companies observed during the years1996-2005 confirms that firms that have been able to improve the general efficiency of their production process at time t are likely to keep innovating in the following periods of time, more than firms that never innovated before. The empirical analysis is based on both transition probability matrixes and on dynamic discrete choice panel data models. The evidence suggests that innovation persistence is path dependent, as opposed to past dependent. The dynamics of the process in fact is typically non-ergodic, yet it is not exclusively determined by its but is shaped by a number of complementary and contingent factors origins that affect locally the sequence of the hysteretic effects of the early state dependence. |
| Date: | 2009–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:labeco:200903&r=ipr |
| By: | Bruno S. Frey |
| Abstract: | Academic economists today are caught in a “Publication Impossibility Theorem System” or PITS. To further their careers, they are required to publish in A-journals, but this is impossible for the vast majority because there are few slots open in such journals. Such academic competition is held to provide the right incentives for hard work, but there may be serious negative consequences: the wrong output may be produced in an inefficient way, the wrong people may be selected, and the losers may react in a harmful way. The paper suggests several ways for improvement. |
| Keywords: | Academia, economists, publication, journals, incentives, economic methodology |
| JEL: | A1 D02 I23 |
| Date: | 2009–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zur:iewwpx:406&r=ipr |