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on Investment |
| By: | Kyoji FUKAO; YoungGak KIM; Hyeog Ug KWON |
| Abstract: | This paper re-examines the effects of minimum wage increases on firm productivity and business dynamism in Japan using microdata from the Economic Census (2012, 2016, and 2021). Using the Foster–Haltiwanger–Krizan (2001) decomposition, we first document a sharp slowdown in both labor productivity and total factor productivity (TFP) growth after 2015. The decline is mainly driven by a substantial weakening of within-firm productivity improvements, while reallocation effects—captured by covariance terms reflecting the expansion of more productive firms—remain consistently positive and sizable throughout the period. This suggests that competitive reallocation mechanisms continued to operate even as aggregate productivity growth weakened. At the prefectural level, minimum wage growth is generally positively correlated with labor productivity and TFP growth. However, the underlying mechanisms differ markedly across periods. During the moderate increase phase (2011–2015), minimum wage growth is associated with more substantial entry effects and weaker exit effects, whereas during the rapid increase phase combined with the COVID-19 shock (2015–2020), entry effects weaken and exit effects become more pronounced, indicating a nonlinear relationship between minimum wage policy and business dynamism. Firm-level panel regressions show limited evidence for a statistically significant and robust productivity-enhancing effect of minimum wage increases. Instead, firms primarily adjust through changes in input composition, including shifts in employment types, reductions in temporary employment, and capital adjustments–labor ratios. Instrumental variable estimations exploiting economically connected commuting areas across prefectural borders to address endogeneity concerns yield similar conclusions, with small and unstable direct effects on productivity. Overall, the findings suggest that minimum wage increases in Japan mainly induce firms to adapt through organizational and input reallocation rather than through immediate improvements in technical efficiency. The impact of minimum wage policy critically depends on the pace of increases and macroeconomic conditions, underscoring the importance of complementary productivity-enhancing policies if minimum wage hikes are to contribute to sustained productivity growth. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:rdpsjp:26003 |
| By: | Löw, Philipp; Brandes, Elke; Eysholdt, Max; Mattner, Clara; Zahra, Samer; Zinnbauer, Maximilian |
| Abstract: | In 2018, Germany was found guilty by the European Court of Justice for insufficient implementation of the European Nitrates Directive and assured to implement a monitoring framework. Since then, a nationwide impact monitoring system has been developed to assess effectiveness of mitigation measures, analyze nitrate pollution trends, and provide early warnings for regulatory adjustments. The monitoring combines three levels: agricultural emissions, immissions to waters, and nutrient flux modeling combined with field measurements. Data from around 7, 500 groundwater stations and farm records are analyzed alongside model-based estimates to assess trends in fertilization and water pollution. First results indicate a recent decline in fertilization intensity in many regions, yet rarely significant water quality improvements. Model validation with empirical data on fertilizer expenses from German Farm Accountancy Data Network shows high accuracy. Future enhancements, including expanded data access and optimized methodologies, will strengthen regulatory assessments and support targeted mitigation measures for EU compliance. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae25:389994 |
| By: | Ruiz, Alan Suah Islas |
| Abstract: | Se analiza la productividad legislativa del Congreso local de Hidalgo durante el periodo 2024–2025 con el objetivo de identificar patrones de participación parlamentaria, niveles de desigualdad en la actividad normativa y la estructura efectiva del poder legislativo. A partir de la construcción de una base de datos original que sistematiza 691 intervenciones realizadas por 30 diputados, el estudio emplea un enfoque cuantitativo basado en estadística descriptiva e indicadores de concentración para evaluar la distribución de la agenda. La estrategia metodológica incluyó la estandarización de registros individuales, y la estimación del coeficiente de Gini para medir la centralización de la actividad. Los resultados evidencian una centralización moderada del trabajo parlamentario, una fuerte mediación partidaria en la configuración de la agenda y brechas acotadas en la participación por género. En conjunto, el análisis muestra que la productividad legislativa constituye un indicador clave para comprender la organización interna del Congreso y la calidad de la representación política. |
| Date: | 2026–02–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:k53jt_v1 |
| By: | Angela Ampuero Arriagada (StartHope@Home, Project by Social Impact gGmbH, 14467 Potsdam, Germany); K. Kathy Meyer-Ross (University of Applied Sciences Dresden, Germany) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the reintegration of returnees in Pakistan based on field research carried out in December 2024, in partnership with two local organizations. The paper looks at the socio-economic and psychological aspects of reintegration, evaluates the current reintegration programs and lists areas to develop a better cooperation with international partners such as StartHope@home. According to the interviews, returnees often face three main challenges: economic sustainability, social stigma, and mental health problems. The Pakistani labor market absorbs 1.5 million new entrants annually (World Bank, 2013; Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, 2022); therefore, most returnees find economic support through self-employment in sectors such as agriculture, dairy farming, and small trading. On the social front, returnees are subjected to societal scrutiny, emotional loneliness, and feelings of failure. One of these organizations focuses on business development and family involvement, while the other one provides psychosocial counseling and raises awareness through storytelling. Both organizations emphasize the importance of holistic approaches in reintegration, including long-term accompaniment, mental health, and community integration. It is estimated that 25 percent of the returnees re-migrate, with 7 percent returning to Europe. The study concludes with recommendations for skills training, family-oriented business models, and psychosocial support. Strengthening cooperation with local agents and improving data on reintegration outcomes are key to achieving sustainable returns. These findings also present an opportunity to policymakers and practitioners who intend to investigate how to strengthen reintegration measures in Pakistan and beyond. |
| Keywords: | return migration, reintegration, social stigma, informal economy, psychosocial support |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0560 |
| By: | Hany Navarra (Saitama University, Saitama, Japan) |
| Abstract: | Remittances, the money migrant workers send to their origin country, are now a dominant external finance source for many developing countries, often surpassing official aid and foreign direct investment inflows. While widely recognized for supporting household consumption, their role in longterm poverty reduction remains contested. This study explores whether remittances only become developmentally effective under specific financial institutional conditions. Grounded in theories of absorptive capacity and institutional complementarity, it applies a dynamic panel threshold model to test whether financial system depth conditions the poverty-reducing impact of remittance inflows. Using panel data from 96 developing countries covering the period 2002 to 2021, the analysis identifies distinct regimes of remittance effectiveness. The findings offer a structural explanation for cross-country differences in remittance outcomes and provide new insight into how financial maturity shapes the developmental role of migrant transfers. Implications are drawn for SDGs related to poverty, financial access, and remittance cost reduction. |
| Keywords: | remittances, poverty, financial development, institutional threshold, SDGs, panel data |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0562 |
| By: | Samkova, Mascha |
| Abstract: | This paper employs a novel approach in applying the cheap talk signalling game to study the EU accession game of the 10 Central and Eastern European states that joined the European Union in 2004 and 2007. The interdisciplinary application of a Bayesian game to international relations reveals the strategic interactions between the Union and applicant states in the light of the Copenhagen criteria and the unprecedented challenges countries faced during the post-Communist transition since 1989. The paper first presents the historical background about the EU accession process, debates on EU conditionality and existing game-theoretical approaches, before presenting the timeline and data on accession and reform speed of applicant states from 1989 to 2007. The model applies a signalling game to the negotiations process where the European Commission’s annual progress reports are seen as costless, unverifiable and observable signals to the applicant states about their final EU accession speed. It is demonstrated that possible equilibria outcomes can be uninformative or informative, depending on the players’ divergence of interests with regards to reform speed. Furthermore, the model is used to explain the outcomes seen in three ex-post case studies, taking into account additional domestic and external factors that shaped the varying outcomes of accession and reform speeds in the two EU enlargement waves in the 2000s. |
| Date: | 2026–02–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:43bwe_v1 |
| By: | Marina Agranov; Federico Echenique; Kota Saito |
| Abstract: | We investigate whether risk and time preferences differ when individuals make decisions for others compared to making decisions for themselves. We introduce a novel ``skin in the game'' experimental design, where choices for others incur a direct cost to the decision-maker, ensuring a genuine trade-off between self-interest and surrogate allocation. The modal outcome is that participants are more risk-averse and impatient when choosing for others than for themselves. Our methodology reveals significant heterogeneity, successfully identifying selfish types often missed by the more standard ``no skin in the game'' approaches. The message is nuanced, as even non-selfish participants behave differently when they have skin in the game. Furthermore, our framework yields more consistent behavior and superior out-of-sample predictive power. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2601.14489 |
| By: | Sander Onderstal (University of Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute); Ruben van Oosten (University of Amsterdam) |
| Abstract: | We analyze vertical integration in auction markets using a symmetric independent private-values model where the auctioneer invests in the auctioned object's quality. We find that the auctioneer invests more after integration. The integrated bidder enjoys a bidding advantage over other bidders. The merging parties benefit from integration, while non-merging bidders are worse off. In a platform setting where the auctioneer is an intermediary and the bidders are sellers on her platform, vertical integration has ambiguous effects on consumer surplus and total welfare. Our results contribute to the ongoing policy debate about platforms self-preferencing, effective competition policy, and digital market regulation. |
| JEL: | D44 G34 |
| Date: | 2025–08–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20250046 |
| By: | Arshad, Idrees Ahmad; Ali, Amjad; Audi, Marc |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the implementation of working from home, as opposed to traditional office-based work, has influenced employee productivity, work-life balance, job satisfaction, communication effectiveness, and emotional wellbeing. A mixed-methods approach was employed, using data collected through structured surveys of two hundred professionals across various industry sectors, along with semi-structured interviews with the same participants. Quantitative analysis involved the application of descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and the construction of a productivity and wellbeing index. Qualitative responses were examined through directed content analysis. The findings indicate that remote work generally enhances productivity, autonomy, and work-life balance, particularly among younger, digitally proficient employees in sectors such as information technology and finance. However, remote work also presents disadvantages, including communication gaps, social isolation, and reduced visibility within teams. In contrast, traditional office work fosters stronger team cohesion, real-time feedback, and integration into organizational culture, though it may lack flexibility and contribute to stress due to structured schedules and commuting demands. The study underscores the increasing relevance of hybrid work models as a strategic approach that integrates the strengths of both work modalities. Grounded in stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory, and systems theory, the research offers a multidimensional perspective on how work environments influence organizational outcomes and employee experiences. The study concludes that future-oriented organizations must design work systems that are flexible, inclusive, and adaptive, aligning operational efficiency with ethical and strategic considerations. |
| Keywords: | Remote Work, Work-Life Balance, Employee Productivity, Hybrid Work Models |
| JEL: | O4 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127312 |
| By: | Bavaro, Michele; Trinh, Nhat An (WZB Berlin Social Science Center) |
| Abstract: | The relationship between international migration and social mobility has been a central topic in recent research, with scholars highlighting the influence of socioeconomic resources, aspirational attitudes, and structural barriers on the social mobility experience of migrants. This study extends existing work and examines the intergenerational social mobility of first- and second-generation immigrants in 22 European countries. Using fully harmonized and nationally representative data (EU-SILC, 2019), we provide a comparative analysis of absolute mobility in terms of social class and economic hardship. Our results show that mobility patterns differ across dimensions and generations: First-generation migrants generally experience more downward mobility than upward mobility, whereas for the second generation upward mobility is more prevalent in some countries. The first generation is also more likely to experience downward class mobility compared to natives, while chances of upward hardship mobility are higher on average despite cross-country variation. Migrant-native gaps in class and hardship mobility are smaller for the second generation. Differences in own and parental education between natives and migrants cannot fully account for observed gaps, suggesting the relevance of other factors in driving persistent inequalities in opportunities for social mobility. |
| Keywords: | Social mobility, migration, cross-country comparison, first and second generation, Europe |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2026-02 |
| By: | Michael Junho Lee |
| Abstract: | Composability—open interactions between assets and protocols—facilitates a modular financial architecture. I document the emergence of composed asset transformation, where tokenized assets are re-bundled to alter access, liquidity, and risk characteristics to broaden and enhance the set of tokenized U.S. dollar instruments. Yet, I argue that “naive” composability fundamentally conflicts with the provision of pooled arrangements needed for liquidity provision, risk-sharing, and capital backstops. I demonstrate this in an economy consisting of a vertical chain of protocols. Upper-layer protocols expand access to users, but bootstrap contingent liquidity from lower-layer protocols, resulting in a waterfall of externalities. In equilibrium, the base protocol rations liquid reserves, resulting in systemic illiquidity across the economy. Under severe circumstances, total utilization shrinks with composability. I offer principles and direction for building a sustainable, composable system. |
| Keywords: | composability; tokenization; composed asset transformation; decentralized finance; protocol economy |
| JEL: | E42 G10 G20 D47 |
| Date: | 2026–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednsr:102386 |
| By: | Siddique, Aamir; Ali, Amjad; Audi, Marc |
| Abstract: | Corporate governance has become an important measure of the company’s performance, risk management, and strategic decisions. This study investigates the relationship between selected corporate governance mechanisms and firm financial performance, focusing on the segregation of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer roles and gender diversity on corporate boards. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as agency theory and resource-based theory, the research examines whether these governance attributes influence firm profitability, a common indicator of financial outcome. The analysis employs a quantitative research design using secondary data from 20 firms from Dubai Stock Exchange and applies ordinary least squares regression to assess the impact of the independent variables on profitability. Governance variables are operationalized as binary indicators, with profit measured in millions of US dollars. The findings reveal that both segregation of leadership roles and gender diversity exhibit a positive association with profitability, although neither relationship is statistically significant. The study contributes to the ongoing debate regarding the effectiveness of board structures in enhancing financial outcomes in Dubai Stock Exchange. It underscores the need for more nuanced and multidimensional approaches to measuring governance quality, especially in cross-sectional research. Future studies are encouraged to adopt longitudinal data, incorporate broader governance indicators, and control for external variables to capture the complexity of governance-performance dynamics. Ultimately, while the presence of role segregation and board diversity may signal improved governance, this research cautions against simplistic assumptions about their direct influence on profitability without considering broader organizational and contextual factors. |
| Keywords: | Corporate Governance, Role Segregation, Gender Diversity, Profitability, Firm Performance |
| JEL: | M0 M1 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127309 |
| By: | Ivan Dionisijev (Faculty of Economics-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia); Zorica Bozhinovska Lazarevska (Faculty of Economics-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia); Todor Tocev (Faculty of Economics-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in public sector internal auditing, focusing on the extent of AI adoption, the types of AI tools used, and the challenges faced by auditors in implementation. The research employs both descriptive statistical analysis and inferential techniques, including Spearman’s correlation and ANOVA, to assess the relationships between AI adoption and institutional factors. Findings indicate that while data analytics is the most commonly used AI tool, a significant proportion of respondents do not utilize AI in their auditing practices. The primary barriers to AI adoption include a lack of training, high costs, and concerns regarding data privacy. The study further reveals that AI usage varies depending on the type of institution in which they work. These insights contribute to the ongoing discussion on digital transformation in auditing, emphasizing the need for enhanced training programs and strategic investments to facilitate AI integration. |
| Keywords: | Internal auditing, Accounting information, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Public sector |
| JEL: | M42 H83 |
| Date: | 2025–12–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aoh:conpro:2025:i:6:p:22-45 |
| By: | Potter, Scarlett |
| Abstract: | This dissertation examines how the representation of luxury in Vogue magazine evolved over twentieth-century America and how its editorial discourse intersected with broader patterns of income inequality. Using a dataset of 1418 issues (1910-2000) of U.S. Vogue, it tracks the frequency of luxury-related terms and correlates them with historical U.S. income share data for the top 1%. This study combines this quantitative approach with close readings of selected issues to examine how Vogue rhetorically and visually constructed the idea of luxury across different historical and socio-economic contexts. The findings reveal a strong alignment between elite income shares and visible luxury discourse from 1910-1970, particularly during the 1920s, when Vogue portrayed luxury as aspirational and overt. After 1970, however, this relationship was disrupted: despite rising elite income, the frequency of luxury terms plateaued or declined. This relationship is further analysed through the frequency of ready-to-wear (RTW) terminology, revealing a dramatic increase in the 1960s, signalling a shift toward more accessible and commodified styles. This transition reflects broader structural changes in the fashion industry and consumer culture, including the rise of mass production, the expansion of department stores, increased access to credit and crucially the democratisation of fashion. |
| JEL: | D10 D31 |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:wpaper:129442 |
| By: | Bojan Kitanovikj (Faculty of Economics-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia); Ljupcho Eftimov (Faculty of Economics-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia) |
| Abstract: | Purpose Neuroscience is increasingly being applied to management and organizations, giving rise to neuromanagement or organizational neuroscience. Scholars have called for integrating human resource management (HRM) with neuroscience methods to gain a deeper understanding of employee behavior and organizational phenomena (Becker and Menges, 2013; Waldman et al., 2019). This extended abstract summarizes techniques that are applied in the neuro-HRM context. The purpose is to identify how these tools have been used to enhance understanding of HRM topics, more precisely recruitment, training, employee well-being, leadership, and teamwork, and to synthesize key findings. By addressing the question “what’s going on in a person’s head that makes them think or act the way they do?” in the workplace, this review sheds light on the potential of neuroscientific techniques to inform HRM practices. It aims to clarify the state of the art in neuro-HRM and demonstrate how measuring brain activity and other physiological responses can complement traditional HRM methods. Ultimately, the purpose is to highlight the current contributions and challenges of applying neuroscience in HRM and to identify opportunities for future research in this emerging interdisciplinary field. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review was conducted to gather peer-reviewed studies at the intersection of neuroscience and HRM. We searched the Scopus database with no date restrictions for articles related to neuromanagement, focusing only on scientific, peer-reviewed articles. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for identification, screening, and inclusion of studies (Moher et al., 2016). After removing duplicates and unrelated papers, we obtained a final sample of 71 publications. Since this extended abstract refers to research in progress, in the next phases, we will expand with additional keywords in the search query related to neuroscience, organizations, management, and similar. Each article was analyzed to extract its research design, the neuroscience techniques used, the HRM domain or issue addressed, and key findings. We categorized the studies according to the major HRM functional areas of the employee life cycle. This methodological approach ensured that preliminary results are drawn from a broad evidence base of peer-reviewed sources, and the analysis distills common themes and outcomes across studies. Findings Neuroscience techniques adopted in HRM research are diverse, ranging from brain-imaging methods to physiological and behavioral measurements. These tools have found a growing application as they enable capturing the employees’ subconscious or involuntary responses, complementing traditional self-report surveys by providing physiological and neural data in real time (Waldman et al., 2019). To begin with, electroencephalography (EEG) and related neurophysiological measures are the most frequently used techniques in organizational neuroscience studies, considering their appeal lies in their millisecond-level temporal resolution for tracking brain activity states like engagement or stress in real time (Zazon et al., 2023). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), with high spatial resolution, has also been applied, though less often, to map which brain regions are activated by managerial stimuli, mostly in the context of ethical dilemmas or leadership scenarios (Choi et al., 2022). A newer portable imaging method, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), appears in a few studies to monitor cortical activity during tasks in more natural settings (Zhang et al., 2021). In addition, several HRM studies incorporate eye-tracking (ET) technology, which records where and how long individuals direct their gaze. Eye-tracking is used to examine visual attention patterns, for instance, in how job candidates or employees scan information on career websites or during training materials (Mönke et al., 2025). Similarly, facial expression analysis is employed to capture emotional responses either through software or sensors that detect subtle muscle movements (Su et al., 2021). These reflexive measures of gaze, pupil dilation, and facial cues provide a more objective direction in terms of individuals’ reactions and affective states when exposed to HR-related stimuli. Furthermore, studies have used physiological sensors such as electrodermal activity (EDA) or galvanic skin response to gauge arousal and stress levels, heart rate or ECG for workload and stress, and even hormone levels in a few cases, although such measures are less common in HRM literature (Zito et al., 2021). Some research incorporates behavioral response metrics like reaction time tests to infer cognitive processes and implicit biases relevant to HR decisions (Waldman et al., 2019). Table 1 provides an overview of these neuroscientific techniques and their application in HRM literature. Table 1: Neuroscientific techniques in human resource management, applications and key findings Technique Typical measures HRM application areas Illustrative findings EEG Brainwave activity (alpha, beta, theta) indicating attention, engagement, stress, mental workload • Recruitment and selection • Training and learning • Leadership • Fatigue monitoring • Detecting candidate stress peaks during interviews and identifies engaging discussion topics (Zito et al., 2021), • Tracking real-time attention and cognitive load during training sessions to optimize content delivery (Wang et al., 2021), • Revealing neural signatures of inspirational leadership (Waldman et al., 2019). fMRI Blood-oxygenation (BOLD) signals identifying activated brain regions • Leadership • Decision-making • Employee ethics • Maping neural correlates of moral reasoning and vision communication in leaders, highlighting activity in prefrontal and limbic regions (Balthazard et al., 2012). fNIRS Cortical oxygenation levels during naturalistic tasks • Decision-making, • Workload monitoring • Showing frontal cortex synchrony can predict team coordination quality under pressure (Zhang et al., 2021). ET Fixation duration, saccades, pupil dilation • Recruitment (resume screening and website design) • Training material evaluation • Revealing recruiter gaze patterns on resumes and candidate profiles, guiding layout optimization (Pina et al., 2023), • Detecting attention hotspots in e-learning interfaces (Mönke et al., 2025). Facial expression analysis / facial EMG Micro-expressions, muscle activation linked to discrete emotions • Recruitment interviews • Employee engagement • Customer-service training • Identifying subtle affective responses to interview questions or training stimuli, complementing self-report measures (Su et al., 2021). EDA Skin conductance reflecting arousal and stress • Recruitment • Workload monitoring • Stress monitoring • Capturing stress peaks during critical job-interview phases (Zito et al., 2021), • Signaling rising stress during back-to-back virtual meetings, supporting break scheduling (Becker & Menges, 2013). Heart-rate/ECG and other peripheral sensors Heart-rate variability, respiration • Well-being • Fatigue detection • Providing early warning of cognitive overload in safety-critical occupations (Caldwell et al., 2019). (Source: Authors’ work) Still, across methods, threats to validity, generalizability, and laboratory bias persist. Some of these challenges stem from small samples, task artificiality, analytic flexibility, and over-interpretation of proxies, such as EEG indices of engagement, and EDA peaks as stress without behavioral triangulation (Massaro and Baljević, 2022). These concerns are widely noted in the literature and call for hypotheses’ pre-registration, power and sensor justifications, and field validation beyond laboratory contexts (Radtke Caneppele et al., 2022). Thus, recent works echo the lab-to-field gap, and portability promises for EEG/fNIRS and wearables, urging multi-site replications and explicit reporting of sensor quality and preprocessing choices (Radtke Caneppele et al., 2022; Waldman et al., 2019). Originality/value This review is among the first to systematically map the neuroscience techniques applied in HRM and to integrate findings across recruitment, training, leadership, and well-being research. Its value lies in demonstrating how methods such as EEG, fMRI, fNIRS, eye-tracking, and physiological sensors can pinpoint subconscious drivers of employee behavior and provide evidence-based guidance for HR professionals and managers in general. Hence, the implications for managers and HR professionals point out that bio-signals can be applied as process-improvement decision support rather than individual gatekeeping. Illustratively, pilot eye-tracking and EDA can be used to redesign hiring UX and interview pacing, workload, and attention indicators can be utilized to pace training and coach teams, and employees’ well-being can be monitored at the aggregate level to guide task rotation and recovery policies, coupled with performance and participant feedback (Awumey et al., 2024; Mönke et al., 2025; Wang et al., 2021). To balance benefits with risks, strict ethical guardrails should be imposed by management to purpose limitation, obtain informed, revocable consent, vouch for local processing and short retention of data, implement role-based access and third-party audits, as well as ban covert use or disciplinary decisions based on physiology, to name a few (Hurley et al., 2024). Considering this, the study extends HRM theory to the biological level of analysis while offering practitioners novel tools for improving employee experience and organizational effectiveness (Waldman et al., 2019). By consolidating scattered studies, the review identifies that some areas, like diversity management and employee satisfaction, remain underexplored, joining the call for increased multidisciplinary collaboration. Namely, we propose some future research trends: 1) field-based trials with mobile EEG or fNIRS and wearables inside authentic HR workflows like assessment centers, onboarding and recruitment stages, while evaluating downstream outcomes; 2) benchmark models across genders, age groups, cultures, and integrate subgroup performance to mitigate bias in physiological or affective inference; 3) longitudinal facial-EMG markers can be connected with job satisfaction and engagement trajectories for employees instead of just momentary states; 4) hyperscanning of EEG or fNIRS can be scaled in hybrid teams to test how inter-brain synchrony relates to psychological safety, adaptation, and performance under pressure (Wang et al., 2021; Réveillé et al., 2025; Massaro et al., 2025). |
| Keywords: | Neuromanagement, Human resource management, Neuro-human resource management, Neuroscience techniques |
| JEL: | M12 M54 O15 |
| Date: | 2025–12–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aoh:conpro:2025:i:6:p:316-320 |
| By: | Heidland, Tobias; Schularick, Moritz; Thiele, Rainer |
| Abstract: | Wir schlagen Mutual Interest Development Cooperation (MIDC) als neue Blaupause für Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (EZ) vor. Der Ansatz richtet EZ konsequent am beiderseitigen Interesse von Geber- und Partnerländern aus und setzt passende Anreize, um damit politische Legitimität wiederzustellen und die langfristige Wirksamkeit der EZ zu erhöhen. MIDC ist ein übergeordnetes Governance-Modell, kein Instrument "von der Stange". Es formuliert ein kohärentes Set an Prinzipien und Regeln, die Regierungen und Institutionen in einer Weise anwenden können, die zu ihren institutionellen Strukturen und politischen Kontexten passt. Die Kernelemente dieses Ansatzes sind im Folgenden zusammengefasst. Entwicklungszusammenarbeit hat an Glaubwürdigkeit und politischer Unterstützung verloren. Trotz hoher Ausgaben haben nur wenige Länder selbsttragendes Wachstum erreicht, und große Teile der Öffentlichkeit in Geberländern nimmt EZ als Wohltätigkeit mit geringen Erträgen wahr. Statt auf Altruismus und Konditionalität zu setzen, braucht es in Zeiten geopolitischer Fragmentierung, fiskalischer Zwänge und globaler Schocks eine neue Herangehensweise, die die Anreize für Geber- und Partnerländern zusammenbringt. Mutual Interest Development Cooperation (MIDC) bietet ein solches Modell: Die Wahl zwischen unterschiedlich tiefen Partnerschaftsarten, die auf Reziprozität, Reformsignalen und vorhersehbarer Finanzierung beruhen. Indem sichtbare, gegenseitige Vorteile für Partner- und Geberland sichergestellt werden, wird EZ transformativ für reformorientierte Staaten und gewinnt zugleich politische Legitimität in Geberländern. MIDC baut auf bewährten Initiativen auf und verbindet diese mit einem starken Fokus auf das beiderseitige Interesse von Geber- und Partnerländern. |
| Keywords: | Auslandshilfe, Vorteile für Geberländer, Wirksamkeit der Hilfe, Entwicklungspolitik, strukturelle Transformation, "Mutual Interest Filter" |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkrp:335874 |
| By: | Muehlheusser, Gerd; Roider, Andreas |
| Abstract: | The main aim of the project was to contribute to a better understanding of group decisions. In a series of randomized experiments, we study the effects of important group characteristics such as group size, group gender composition, and other potential determinants of group behavior. Due to the frictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the initial project plan had to be adapted. Developing the video chat tool chaTree necessary to allow for face-to-face communication in online experiments took considerable time, which lead us to focus on the domains of unethical behavior and solving complex tasks as fields of application. Our results also have interesting implications outside academia, in particular for the design of work teams and committees. For example, a diffusion of responsibility seems to be a highly relevant phenomenon in the context of unethical decisions. Moreover, larger groups behave more unethically than smaller ones, and all-male groups seem to be particularly prone to unethical behavior and should hence be avoided. Moreover, we also find that group diversity seems to enhance group performance, particularly in smaller groups. The experiments were originally planned to be conducted in the lab, allowing group members to interact and communicate with each other. However, this was made impossible by the pandemic, which hit shortly after the project started. This forced us to resort to online experiments. Thereby, we were facing the challenge that at that point, in online experiments there was no possibility of having face-to-face communication in groups, and the only feasible mode of communication was the exchange of (written) chat messages. For the purpose of our project, this was not satisfactory. As a response, one (unforeseen) methodological contribution of the project was the development of the tool chaTree. We are convinced that it will also be helpful to other researchers. |
| Abstract: | Das Hauptziel des Projekts war es, zu einem besseren Verständnis von Gruppenentscheidungen beizutragen. In einer Reihe ökonomischer Experimente untersuchen wir die Auswirkungen wichtiger Gruppenmerkmale, wie der Gruppengröße, der Zusammensetzung der Gruppe nach Geschlecht und anderen potenzielle Determinanten des Gruppenverhaltens. Aufgrund der durch die Covid-19-Pandemie verursachten Friktionen waren im Verlauf Anpassungen des Projektplans nötig. Die Entwicklung des Video-Chat-Tools chaTree, die notwendig war, um die Kommunikation in Bild und Ton in Online-Experimenten zu ermöglichen, hat substanzielle Zeit in Anspruch genommen. Dies hat uns veranlasst, uns auf unethisches Verhalten und das Lösen komplexer Aufgaben als Anwendungsgebiete zu konzentrieren. Unsere Ergebnisse haben auch außerhalb der Forschung Relevanz, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Ausgestaltung von Arbeitsteams oder Gremien. Beispielsweise scheint die Diffusion von Verantwortung ein höchst relevantes Phänomen im Zusammenhang mit unethischen Entscheidungen zu sein. Außerdem scheinen sich größere Gruppen unethischer zu verhalten als kleinere, und rein männliche Gruppen sind offenbar besonders anfällig für unethisches Verhalten und aus dieser Perspektive potenziell problematisch. Darüber hinaus scheint es, dass Heterogenität in der Zusammensetzung insbesondere für die Leistung kleinerer Gruppen förderlich ist. Ursprünglich sollten die Experimente im Labor durchgeführt werden, um den Gruppenmitgliedern die Möglichkeit zu geben, miteinander zu kommunizieren. Dies wurde durch die Pandemie, die kurz nach Beginn des Projekts ausbrach, jedoch unmöglich gemacht. Dadurch waren wir gezwungen, auf Online-Experimente auszuweichen. Dies war jedoch mit der Herausforderung verbunden, dass es zu diesem Zeitpunkt in Online-Experimenten keine Möglichkeit gab, in Bild und Ton zu kommunizieren. Die einzig praktikable Art der Kommunikation war vielmehr der Austausch von schriftlichen Chat-Nachrichten. Für die Zwecke unseres Projekts war dies nicht zufriedenstellend. Ein (unvorhergesehener) methodischer Beitrag des Projekts war daher die Entwicklung des Tools chaTree. Wir sind überzeugt, dass es auch für andere Forschende hilfreich sein wird. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esrepo:335700 |
| By: | Anyfantaki, Sofia; Martynova, Natalya; Avramidis, Panagiotis |
| Abstract: | We study how deposit rate shocks transmit across banking markets through digital social ties. Depositors’ inattention implies that households react to outside rate changes only when social networks make these changes salient, inducing connected banks to raise their own rates. Using merger-driven shocks to local deposit rates and county-level social connectedness, we show that small banks increase rates in response to shocks occurring in socially linked but geographically distant counties. Spillovers are economically meaningful, persistent, and stronger in competitive markets and in counties with more financially sophisticated households. Digital social ties therefore activate depositor search and integrate deposit markets across space. JEL Classification: G20, G21, G23, G29 |
| Keywords: | deposit pricing, information transmission, limited attention, social connections, uniform pricing |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20263178 |
| By: | Marco Bellandi; Maria Chiara Cecchetti; Caterina Orlando |
| Abstract: | This Handbook presents a database of selected cases and good practices on Circular Economy (CE) for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Developed within the HEADCET project, it constitutes a valuable tool for supporting Higher Education Institutions and policymakers in addressing sustainable development challenges in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Specifically, it provides: a concise review of the CE literature; an analytical framework of indicators for evaluating CE initiatives; literature-based SME case studies adopting CE practices in LAC; empirical case studies derived from a project survey involving SMEs, social enterprises, and business organisations; and good practices identified from the survey and linked to the indicator framework. The Handbook combines conceptual and empirical insights to analyse and assess CE initiatives and innovations at the business level, offering an evidence-based resource to compare and disseminate CE experiences, supporting knowledge transfer and policy-oriented learning around multi-actor initiatives in support of sustainable local and regional development. |
| Keywords: | Circular Economy, Small-Medium Enterprises, Case Study, Latin America and Caribbean |
| JEL: | O44 Q56 R11 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:frz:wpaper:wp2026_03.rdf |
| By: | Zongxia Liang; Jiayu Zhang; Zhou Zhou; Bin Zou |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a dynamic insurance market model comprising two competing insurance companies and a continuum of insureds, and examines the interaction between strategic underreporting by the insureds and competitive pricing between the insurance companies under a Bonus-Malus System (BMS) framework. For the first time in an oligopolistic setting, we establish the existence and uniqueness of the insureds' optimal reporting barrier, as well as its continuous dependence on the BMS premiums. For the 2-class BMS case, we prove the existence of Nash equilibrium premium strategies and conduct an extensive sensitivity analysis on the impact of the model parameters on the equilibrium premiums. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2601.12655 |
| By: | Miroslav Serafimoski (Deutsche Telekom Services Europe (DTSE) Faculty of Economics-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the classification of foreign exchange differences arising from intragroup monetary items under IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements. IFRS 18 introduces a new structure for the statement of profit or loss, requiring income and expenses to be classified into operating, investing, financing, and other specified categories, with paragraph B65 mandating that foreign exchange differences be classified consistently with the income and expenses of the underlying item. So, the aim of this paper is to analyze and make a recommendation on how the foreign exchange differences from intragroup transactions will be classified in the IFRS18 structure of the Statement of Profit and Loss. However, intragroup income and expenses are eliminated under IFRS 10, while IAS 21 requires exchange differences on intragroup monetary items to remain recognized in consolidated profit or loss — creating a classification challenge. The paper evaluates five theoretical options and explains why the IFRS Interpretations Committee rejected Options 2, 3, and 5. The analysis concludes that only two classification outcomes are acceptable: (i) Option 1 — classify in the same category as the underlying intragroup income or expense would have been classified if not eliminated, or (ii) Option 4 — default to the operating category if that cannot be determined without undue cost or effort. Given that Option 1 relies on interpretative reasoning rather than explicit IFRS 18 requirements, this paper argues that, under the standard’s current wording, the operating category is likely to become the prevailing classification in practice. The paper highlights the need for further clarification by the standard-setter to avoid future inconsistency across reporting entities and preserve IFRS 18’s objective of enhanced transparency and comparability. |
| Keywords: | IFRS18, Exchange differences classification, Operating, financing and investing category; Profit and loss statement structure; Accounting presentation |
| JEL: | M41 |
| Date: | 2025–12–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aoh:conpro:2025:i:6:p:348-355 |